To develop innovative, green solutions to address the climate, food and energy crises facing the world today, science, technology, research and development capacities for sustainable development must be strengthened. An estimated 2.5 million engineers and technicians will be needed in sub-Saharan Africa alone to achieve improved access to clean water and sanitation. This demonstrates the need to strengthen science education, stem brain drain, and encourage more young men and women to go into scientific disciplines. Open Access to scientific information is a prerequisite for generating knowledge for sustainable development. Scientific evidence and ethical principles should inform behaviours, policy action and governance decisions to strengthen sustainable development agendas. Climate science must be a key factor in designing informed policy responses to mitigate and adapt to climate change and for disaster preparedness and resilience.

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• STI policy