Thailand
Summary
More than 70 languages are spoken in Thailand. Standard Thai is the de facto official and national language of Thailand, and the medium of instruction at all levels of education. In some areas, six (6) non-dominant languages are taught as a subject in the additional local studies subject in schools. Some NDLs are used in non – formal education, mainly adult literacy, run largely by local NGOs. MLE Mapping exercise identified ten (10) minority languages are currently used as medium of instruction in classrooms. These classrooms are provided by formal, public pre-primary and primary schools in Southern (Malay), Eastern (Northern Khmer), Western (Mon - Kanchanaburi) and Northern (Hmong Daw, Pwo Karen, Mae Hong Son Lawa, Khmu) Thailand. Thailand’s first National Language Policy provides official support for NDLs in education, also as media of instruction in bilingual and multilingual education. The policy was signed by the Prime Minister in 2010.
| Name of Organization/ Institution | Level of Schooling | Formal or Non-formal | Public or Private | Which Languages | Number of Children reached by level of schooling | Location | Use of language in classroom (see explanations below) | Materials in classroom | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mahidol University | Ban Prajan School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Pattani Malay (mfa) | 23(K1), 24(K2), 35 (G1), 25(G2), 22(G3), 29(G4), 32(G5), 30(G6) | Pattani | 1 | Yes |
| Buang Nomsai School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Pattani Malay (mfa) | 11(K1), 9(K2), 20(G1), 21(G2), 21(G3), 18(G4), 15(G5), 20(G6) | Yala | 1 | Yes | |
| Thairat Witthaya School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Pattani Malay (mfa) | 25(K1), 39(K2), 42(G1), 27(G2), 23(G3), 29(G4), 25(G5), 22(G6) | Narathiwat | 1 | Yes | |
| Tamalang Nua School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Satun Malay (meo) | 23(K1), 32(K2), 27(G1), 27(G2), 20(G3), 20(G4), 25(G5), 29(G6) | Satun | 1 | Yes | |
| Ban Lada School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 12(K1), 17(K2), 20(G1), 24(G2) | Pattani | 1 | Yes | |
| Ban Buko School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 9(K1), 15(K2), 17(G1), 20 (G2) | Pattani | 1 | Yes | |
| Ban Kruse School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 21(K1), 27(K2), 41(G1), 35 (G2) | Pattani | 1 | Yes | |
| Ban Bon School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 24(K1), 25(K2), 22(G1), 23 (G2) | Pattani | 1 | Yes | |
| Ban Mai Patthanawit School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 18(K1), 8(K2), 28(G1), 14 (G2) | Pattani | 1 | Yes> | |
| Ban Pongta School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 18(K1), 19(K2), 15(G1), 22 (G2) | Yala | 1 | Yes | |
| Ban Talohaloa School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 53(K1), 79(K2), 81(G1), 63 (G2) | Yala | 1 | YES | |
| Ban Kuwa School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 28(K1), 33(K2), 49(G1), 42 (G2) | Yala | 1 | Yes | |
| Ban Buketamong School | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 53(K1), 43(K2), 42(G1), 32 (G2) | Narathiwat | 1 | Yes | |
| Pho Luang Uppatham school | PP | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 10 (K1+2) | Lavua | 1 | Yes | |
| Ban Pho Kong school | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Patani Malay (mfa) | 23(K1), 39(K2), 35(G4), 30(G5), 29(G6/1), 30(G6/2) | Northern Khmer | 6 (at the Kindergarten 1-2 but have some teaching materials) 4 (at the primary level Grade 4-6) | Yes | |
| FAL - OBEC pilot Project school | Watwangwiwegaram school | PP, PR (LPR=lower primary; UPR=upper primary) | FE | PUB | Mon (mnw) | PP: F:134 + M:112 = 246 LPR: F:166 + M:167 = 333 UPR: F:92 + M:103 = 195 | Sangklaburi, Kanchanaburi province | 1, 2, 4, 7 (2 for PP; 4 for UPR) | 72 big cultural Scenes; 56 Picture stories; 146 titles of Big books in Mon and 68 titles in Thai; 120 titles of Small Books in Mon and 72 in Thai |
| Ban Pui school | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Pwo Karen (pww) | PP: F:21 + M:24 = 45 LPR: F:41 + M:34 = 75 UPR: F:18 + M:24 = 42 | Hod district, Chiangmai province | 1, 2, 7, 4 (2 for PP; 4 for UPR) | 22 Big Cultural Scenes; 35 Picture stories; 111 titlse of Big Boks in Pwo Karen; 139 titles of Small Books in Pwo Karen | |
| Pan Din Thong school | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Hmong Daw (mww) | PP: F:58 + M:40 = 98 LPR: F:82 + M:68 = 150 UPR: F:22 + M:41 = 63 | Therng district, Chiangrai province | 1, 2, 7, 4 (2 for PP; 4 for UPR) | 19 Big Cultural Scenes; 54 Picture Stories; 113 titles of Big Books in Hmong and 165 titles of Small Books in Hmong | |
| Rak Pan Din school | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Hmong Daw (mww) | PP: F:30 + M:23 = 53 LPR: F:41 + M:30 = 71 UPR: F:15 + M:17 = 32 | Therng district, Chiangrai province | 1, 2, 7, 4 (2 for PP; 4 for UPR) | Ibid | |
| Huai Han school | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Hmong Daw (mww) | PP: F:48 + M:54 = 102 LPR: F:83 + M:80 = 163 UPR: F:32 + M:48 = 80 | Wiang Kaen district, Chiangrai province | 1, 2, 7, 4 (2 for PP4 for UPR) | Ibid | |
| Huai Ku school | PP, PR | FE | PUB | Hmong Daw (mww) | PP: F:68 + M:71 = 139 LPR: F:90 + M:99 = 189 UPR: F:28 + M:23 = 51 | Wiang Kaen district, Chiangrai province | 1, 2, 7, 4 (2 for PP; 4 for UPR) | Ibid | |
| MLE expansion school | Cha Kue school | PP | FE | PUB | Lahu (lhu) | F:6 + M:5 = 11 | Muang district, Chiangrai province | 2,5,7 | 12 Big Cultural Scenes; 34 picture stories NB. The no. of students is chenged due to the current no. of KG1, and MTB-MLE is only implemented to KG1 because the school is not able to finish the KG2 materials. The no. given efore is now students in KG2 |
| Ban Pa Kwang Witaya school | PP | FE | PUB | Lahu (lhu) | F:7 + M:11 = 18 | Muang district, Chiangrai province | 2,5,7 | Ibid | |
| Ban Huai Uen school | PP | FE | PUB | Lahu (lhu) | F:3 + M:9 = 12 | Mae Fa Luang district, Chiangrai province | 2,5,7 | Ibid | |
| Ban Huai Kong school | PP | FE | PUB | Karen, S'gaw (ksw) | F:1 + M:5 = 6 | Om Koi district, Chiangmai province | 2,5,7 | 8 Big Cultural Scenes; 16 Picture Stories; Ibid | |
| Ban Mae Ang Kang | PP | FE | PUB | Pwo Karen | F:27 + M:17 = 44 | Om Koi district, Chiangmai province | 2,5,7 | 10 Big Cultural Scenes; 36 Picture Stories | |
| Ban Huai Kung | PP | FE | PUB | Karen, S'gaw (ksw) | F:2 + M:6 = 8 | Sop Muei district, Mae Hong Sorn province | 2,5,7 | NB. The no. is changed due to the current no. of KG1, and MTB-MLE is only implemented to KG1 because the school is not able to finish the KG2 materials. The no. given before is now KG2 | |
| Ban Mae Poon | PP | FE | PUB | Karen, S'gaw (ksw) | F:7 + M:7 = 14 | Mae Sariang district, Mae Hong Sorn province | 2,5,7 | Ibid | |
| Chao Paw Luang Upatum school | PP | FE | PUB | Lawa, Western (lcp) | F:3 + M:2 = 5 | Mae Sariang district, Mae Hong Sorn province | 2,5,7 | Ibid | |
| Ban La-oob school | PP | FE | PUB | Lawa, Western (lcp) | F:9 + M:5 = 14 | Mae Sariang district, Mae Hong Sorn province | 2,5,7 | Ibid | |
| Ban Mae U-Su school | PP | FE | PUB | Karen, S'gaw (ksw) | F:31 + M:32 = 63 | Ta Song Yang district, Tak province | 2,5,7 | Ibid | |
| Ban Museur school | PP | FE | PUB | Karen, S'gaw (ksw), Lahu (lhu) | F: 14 + M: 18 = 32 | Om Koi district, Chiangmai province | 2,5,7 | 32 Big Cultural Scenes; 80 Picture Stories | |
| Ban Nong Pham school | PP | FE | PUB | Lahu Shi (lhi) | F: 12 + M:14 = 26 | Mae Suai district, Chiangrai province | 2,5,7 | N/A | |
| Ban Huaj Nam Khao school | PP | FE | PUB | Karen, S'gaw (ksw) | F: 15 + M: 15 = 30 | Om Koi district, Chiangmai province | 2,5,7 | 18 Big Cultural Scenes; 40 Picture Stories | |
| Ban Khun Tae school | PP | FE | PUB | Karen, S'gaw (ksw) | F: 14 +M: 5 = 19 | Chom Thong district, Chiangmai province | 2,5,7 | 12 Big Cultural Scenes; 40 Picture Stories | |
Explanations
Name of organisation / institution:
Give the name of the organisation(s) (NGO, local association, etc) or institution (church, pagoda, temple, university etc.) which is initiating and supporting the action. This can include government agencies and institutions. Please specify type of involvement, e.g. initiator, lead actor, funder and implementer.
Level of schooling:
Identify whether action is at the pre-primary level (PP) or at the primary /elementary level (PR). The mapping is focusing only on these two levels of education.
Formal or Non-formal:
Identify whether action is:
1. in the formal (FE) or non-formal (NFE); and
2. in the government education system (Govt) or outside the government system by non-state providers (NSP).
Public or private:
Identify whether the action is happening in the public education (PUB) system or private (PRI). If this does not apply to your country, write n/a.
Which language:
Give the name of the local or minority language(s) which the action includes. If possible, see your country’s section on the Ethnologue.com (http://www.ethnologue.com/country_index.asp?place=Asia) and find the relevant 3-letter ISO language code for these languages.
Number of children:
Give the number of children reached by school level (pre-primary and primary/elementary). Please disaggregate by gender (i.e. M: and F:),
Location of action:
Give sub-national location of action(s) either province or district
Use of language in classroom:
Identify how language is used in the classroom by using the descriptors below. Choose the most appropriate one. You can choose more than one.
1. Language of instruction (LOI) is the learners’ mother tongue (MT or L1) and their second language (L2) .
2. Language of instruction is the mother tongue only.
3. The second language is officially the language of instruction.
4. Language of instruction is the second language with MT as subject.
5. Mother tongue is used orally, no written materials – officially.
6. Mother tongue is used orally, no written materials – unofficially.
7. Second language (L2) is taught as second language.
Materials in classroom:
Are there teaching and learning materials in MT in classroom? Yes or no. If yes, estimate the number of titles in MT.