UNESCO - MAB Biosphere Reserves Directory

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			Biosphere Reserve Information
			Spain ALTO DE BERNESGA


	Brief description		The zonation has been established after the analysis of the natural environment, as well as of the different uses and activities that are taking place in the Alto Bernesga,. The core area includes great ecological values dedicated to long-term conservation, allowing only environmentally friendly activities. It is composed of five large areas: Casomera, Chagos, Aralla-Cabornera, Valle del río casares and Bernesga. The buffer zone is the largest area and includes activities such as livestock raising and high-mountain pastoralism. The transition area includes the population centres and their zone of influence, as well as operative mines. Monitoring of climatic variables at meteorological stations; Temperature and precipitation; Monitoring of waterlevels in the Bernesga and Casares River; Monitoring of forests to prevent fire; Strategy for the conservation of the Cantabrian brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Spain; Measures to damages on cattle caused by attacks of wolves, investigation of the attacks and indemnifications to farmers; Monitoring of fauna; Monitoring of demography, economic factors such as employment.
	*Specific variables...*
	Abiotic		Abiotic factors, air temperature, climate, contaminants, erosion, geology, geomorphology, geophysics, habitat, heavy metals, hydrology, pollution, pollutants, soil.
	Biodiversity		Alien/Invasive/Exotic/Introduced species, amphibians, biodiversity, biology, birds, conservation, degraded areas, endemic species, evolutionary studies/palaeoecology/evolution, fauna, fires/fire ecology, fishes, flora, forest systems, freshwater/inland water, fungi, genetic resources, lichens, mammals, mediterranean type/scherophyll, migrating populations/migration, mountain and highland systems, phenology, plants, rare/endangered/threatened species, restoration/rehabilitation/redevelopment, species inventorying/inventory, taxonomy, vegetation studies/plant cover, wildlife.
	Socio-economic		Agroforestry, capacity building, control and monitoring of illegal activities, cottage industry/artisanal industry, cultural aspects, demography, economically important species, firewood cutting/harvesting, fishery/fisheries, human migration/population exodus, hunting, indigenous people, livestock and related impacts/overgrazing, local participation, mining, non-timber forest products/ntfp, pastoralism/pastoralists/grazing, people-nature relations/man/nature, small business initiatives, social/socio-economic aspects, traditional practices/ethnology/traditional knowledge.
	Integrated monitoring		Ecosystem approach, education and public awareness, environmental quality, impact and risk studies/environmental impact, institutional and legal aspects, land tenure, land use/land cover, management issues, rural systems, sustainable development/sustainable use, urban systems/towns/cities, watershed studies/monitoring.

Last updated: 27/02/2007