Systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices; to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed.
R&D surveys.
OECD (2002), Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, §64.
To break down R&D expenditure by type of R&D activity.