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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among youths represent an important public health challenge in developing countries. The incidence of HIV peaked in the 1990’s and saw a decline from 2005. What was done to prompt the decline? To answer this question selecting studies between 1990 and 2005 was appropriate to assess whether the drop in HIV incidence in developing countries was as a result of education interventions. …
What evidence is there for comprehensive sexuality education in lower and middle income countries? What measurable outcomes have been associated with delivering CSE? What are the most effective strategies for implementation at scale? (e.g. in relation to gender, age, content, involvement of parents, political buy-in etc.) What challenges are there to applying such approaches in policy and practice?
Most interventions designed to prevent HIV/STI/pregnancy risk behaviours in young people have multiple components based on psychosocial theories (e.g. social cognitive theory) dictating sets of mediating variables to influence to achieve desired changes in behaviours. Mediation analysis is a method for investigating the extent to which a variable X (e.g. intervention indicator) influences an outcome variable Y (e.g. unprotected sex) by first influencing an intermediate variable M (e.g. …
This toolkit was developed by the International Youth Foundation in order to provide resources for program managers, educators, youth leaders and advocates to incorporate Reproductive Health into programs targeting youth. The toolkit includes a framework, curricula and practical strategies for integrating reproductive health into youth development programming.
Objectives: School-based sex education is a cornerstone of HIV prevention for adolescents who continue to bear a disproportionally high HIV burden globally. We systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed the existing evidence for schoolbased sex education interventions in low- and middle-income countries to determine the efficacy of these interventions in changing HIV-related knowledge and risk behaviors. Methods: We searched five electronic databases, PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Sociological Abstracts, for eligible articles. …
Policy-makers who are making decisions on sexuality education programs face important economic questions: what are the costs of developing sexuality education programs; and what are the costs of implementing and scaling them up? This study responds to these questions by assessing the costs of six school-based sexuality education programs (Nigeria, Kenya, Indonesia, India, Estonia and the Netherlands). Cost analyses were carried out in schools that were fully implementing a SE program, as this best reflects the resources needed to run an effective program. …
Vivenciando mi sexualidad. Guía para tutoras y tutores, es un material elaborado con el propósito de promover en las tutoras y los tutores, la reflexión educativa en torno a su propia sexualidad, así como intervenir, en una perspectiva formativa y de orientación, en relación a las actitudes y comportamientos de las y los estudiantes frente a su sexualidad. …
Although the primary goal of Becoming a Responsible Teen (BART) is to decrease HIV infection among African-American adolescents ages 14 to 18, the curriculum also includes topics and activities relevant to teen pregnancy prevention. Teens learn to clarify their own values about sexual decisions and pressures, as well as practice skills to reduce sexual risk taking. These skills include correct condom use, assertive communication, refusal techniques, self-management and problem solving. Abstinence is woven throughout the curriculum and is discussed as the best way to prevent HIV and pregnancy. …
Costing and cost-effectiveness data for HIV prevention programmes are important tools for decision-makers. In many countries, HIV prevention efforts for young people have increasingly focused on schools, with many ministries of education in the process of scaling up school-based sexuality education programmes. However, most ministries of education are implementing programmes without an adequate understanding of how much the programmes cost per learner or per HIV/STIs or unintended pregnancy averted. …
This document presents recommended Standards for sexuality education. The Standards indicate what children and young people at different ages should know and understand, what situations or challenges they should be able to handle at those ages, and which values and attitudes they need to develop; all of this so that they can develop in a satisfactory, positive and healthy manner as regards their sexuality. This document can be used for advocacy as well as for the development or upgrading of curriculums at different levels of education.
A growing body of evidence exists to demonstrate what constitutes an effective school-based sexuality education programme. The factors that contribute to successful implementation of effective school-based sexuality education at regional, country or local levels - so-called "levers of success" - are less clear. These are the focus of this publication. The term levers of success is used to describe the conditions and actions that have been found to be conducive to the introduction or implementation of sexuality education. Such levers are both general and specific. …
La santé sexuelle est un aspect clé de la santé personnelle et du bien-être social qui a une influence sur les personnes toute leur vie durant. …
This document is part of a series of short storybooks for children which are about the story of a 10-year-old girl named Chela. Through her own experiences and the stories of her grandmother, she learns useful lessons of life. The documents introduce issues such as menstruation, sanitary pads, private parts and wet dreams. The four booklets also discuss alcohol, drugs and cigarettes, healthy eating, sexual harassment and abstinence before marriage. They aim to provide basic information on puberty in an easy-to-understand and entertaining manner. …
This 34-page paper represents a compilation of ten programmes that demonstrate their effectiveness in reducing behavioural risks for pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, among youth in developing countries. The report describes these youth as facing significant threats to their health and well-being as a reault of HIV/AIDS, high rates of STIs, and unintended pregnancies that may result in maternal morbidity and/or mortality. …
Youth and Sexuality” aims at understanding how students, parents and the technical and pedagogical staff of schools perceive the issues related to juvenile sexuality, such as the sexual initiation of young people, teenage pregnancy, contraceptives, abortion, violence, prejudices and discrimination. The study was conducted in 14 Brazilian capital-cities, targeting public and private schools, both elementary and secondary. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used, applying questionnaire, individual and focal group interviews techniques. …
