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Articles from this issue : Making sexuality and HIV education programs more effective | Reducing adolescent girls’ vulnerability to sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa | Developing a highly acceptable contraceptive vaginal ring | Creating a database of HIV prevention clinical trial terminology and translations.
This evaluation was performed to: Determine the effectiveness of HIV/AIDS programs for targeted beneficiaries; Document the degree to which program objectives have been met; Provide information about service delivery that will be useful to program staff and other audiences; Enable program staff to make changes to improve program effectiveness. …
This paper estimates the association between HIV knowledge and risky sexual behavior in India. Using data from the third wave of the national demographic survey, the authors find that better HIV related knowledge does not always promote safer sexual practices. While, better HIV knowledge increases the likelihood of condom use, it also increases the likelihood of pre-marital sex, and reduces the likelihood of abstinence. These effects are much stronger for males when compared to females. …
Il s’agit d’éléments très concrets sur comme établir une planification de formation pour aborder la question du VIH SIDA (ambiance, outils, contenus, comportements, évaluation…). Le manuel aide les animateurs à concevoir des sessions de formation (formation de formateurs) pour favoriser la clarification des valeurs, le développement des compétences et l’acquisition de connaissances sur le VIH/sida et les questions connectées. Il permet aussi d’aider les intervenants à en apprendre plus sur le VIH/sida et à éduquer leurs collègues. …
This study investigated the relationship between economic status, education and risky sexual behavior for urban Botswana women. The data used are a nationally representative sample from the Botswana AIDS Impact Survey conducted in 2004. An un-weighted sample of 2215 women aged 15-49, who have had sexual intercourse was considered for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses are used to gain insights into the potential linkages between economic status, education and risky sexual behavior. …
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify the sexual behavior and knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) amongst 752 undergraduate university students in South Africa, using self-administered questionnaires. More than half reported presently being sexually active, the majority used contraceptives and especially used condoms. Almost a third of the sample, had multiple sexual partners, and more than a quarter of them reported to have sex under the influence of alcohol. …
This document is in three parts. It first discusses the 4 prongs for the elimination of HIV infection among children; in other words, the 4 prongs of PMTCT. The 4 prongs are: (1) preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV, (2) preventing new HIV infections, (3) safer infant feedings, and (4) treatment. This document focuses primarily on the first 2 prongs and how PMTCT is critical because the impact of keeping children alive will be lost if their mothers are not also kept alive. …
There is inadequate information on the burden of HIV infection, and on the prevalence of the risk factors for HIV transmission among University students in Uganda. Routine sources of data such as HIV surveillance and national population-based AIDS Indicator surveys do not provide information on institutional populations such as University students. Moreover, these sub-populations require interventions to address the risk factors that expose them to HIV infection in their unique settings. …
Universities and institutions of higher learning in general consist mainly of young people in the 17-24 year old category, most of whom are sexually active, and therefore most vulnerable to HIV infection. And though studies such as KAIS (2007) and KDHS (2003, 2008) have been conducted on the general Kenyan population, studies specific to institutions of higher learning are scanty, in particular, sero-prevalence data on this target group is lacking. …
This is a study of the association of radio and television exposure with different aspects of reproductive behavior and with knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in connection with HIV/AIDS. The measures of mass media are limited to the frequency that women and men report listening to the radio and watching television, which are standard questions in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Only the frequency is assessed; the DHS does not obtain information on programmatic content. …
Context: Relatively little is known about how poverty and illiteracy affect women's decisions to adopt contraception, specifically their likelihood of never having practiced contraception. Methods: A random sample of 883 women in union aged 15-49 living in the Border Region of the Mexican state of Chiapas were interviewed in 1994 as part of a regional survey of reproductive health. …
This article describes Germany's approach to youth sex education. It starts with a discussion of the fact that sex education is viewed as a national responsibility, then goes into findings of the 2005 youth scientific foundation study on youth sexuality related to sex education at home and in the family; sex education in schools: widespread and well-received; first sexual intercourse; contraception andáuse of the media. The study concludes by saying that a clear relationships exists between sex education at home and positive contraceptive behavior. …
This cross-sectional study conducted in 2007 in South Delhi, India aimed to assess adolescent school girls' knowledge, attitudes and perceptionsátowards STIs/HIV and safer sex practices and sex education and to explore current sexual behavior. Two hundred and fifty-one female students from two senior secondary schools completed self-administered questionnaires. Over 33% of students did nto have accurate knowledge of the symptoms of STIs other than HIV. …
While Tanzania is taking measures to curb the HIV and AIDS pandemic - including limiting its transmission and minimizing its impact, addressing such transmission among mobile populations such as students and staff of Higher Learning Institutions remains a challenge. Available information shows that a number of daunting challenges face Universities in Tanzania in designing and implementing effective responses to HIV and AIDS. First is the fact that little is known about the vulnerability, prevalence, impact and situation of HIV and AIDS in most of these institutions. …
Attitudes and roles regarding gender are an important determinant of sexual health outcomes (including age at first sex, number of sexual partners, frequency of adolescent intercourse, use of condoms and contraceptives, and HIV infection). Fostering young people's critical reflection about gender role socialization has been proven to change attitudes and to lead to healthier sexual behavior. This checklist can help you assess how effectively your curriculum is addressing these issues and help you identify changes that can strengthen your curriculum. …
