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Background An estimated 2.1 million individuals are newly infected with HIV every year. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have reported conflicting evidence for the association between education and HIV risk, and no randomised trial has identified a causal effect for education on HIV incidence. We aimed to use a policy reform in secondary schooling in Botswana to identify the causal effect of length of schooling on new HIV infection. …
Norms and standards for the HIV and AIDS services or interventions provided at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are not available. A set of norms and standards essential for costing HIV and AIDS interventions were developed for both a comprehensive and minimum package of services (prevention, treatment, care and support) using current practice in the public and private healthcare sectors as well as those identified in the literature (UNESCO, International Labour Organisation and Association of African Universities). …
Objective: To review the published and grey literature for information regarding the costs and cost effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the welfare of orphans and vulnerable children owing to HIV ⁄ AIDS in low- and middle-income countries. Method: We carried out a search of the peer-reviewed literature through PubMed, EconLit, and Web of Science for the period January 2000 to December 2010. …
Impact mitigation strategies in sub-Saharan Africa on HIV/AIDS in the education sector involved initially the development of education sector policies. This study traces the policy development initiatives, level of implementation, progress made and existing challenges. The study is based on a close (textual) reading of authoritative literature from United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), World Bank, UNESCO and UNICEF for the last decade on global monitoring of HIV/AIDS and statistical data. …
Research on the effectiveness of youth peer education programs (YPE) programs is scarce, and the wide variation in programs makes it difficult to generalize research findings. Measuring quality and comparing program effectiveness require the use of standardized instruments. In this study, the authors used standardized evidence-based instruments to compare program inputs, quality, outputs and outcomes for five YPE programs in Zambia. …
The process of linking sexual and reproductive health and HIV/AIDS needs to work in both directions: this means that traditional sexual and reproductive health services need to integrate HIV/AIDS interventions, and also that programmes set up to address the AIDS epidemic need to integrate more general services for sexual and reproductive health. While there is broad consensus that strengthening linkages should be beneficial for clients, only limited evidence is published regarding real benefits, feasibility, costs and implications for health systems. …
This series of modules has been developed to help build the conceptual, analytical and practical capacity of key staff to develop and implement effective responses in the education sector. It aims to increase access for a wide community of practitioners to information concerning planning and management in a world with HIV and AIDS; and to develop the capacity and skills of educational planners and managers to conceptualize and analyze the interaction between the epidemic and educational planning and management, as well as to plan and develop strategies to mitigate its impact. …
Scaling up: costing scare resources and assessing absorptive capacity
