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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among youths represent an important public health challenge in developing countries. The incidence of HIV peaked in the 1990’s and saw a decline from 2005. What was done to prompt the decline? To answer this question selecting studies between 1990 and 2005 was appropriate to assess whether the drop in HIV incidence in developing countries was as a result of education interventions. …
Adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa are highly vulnerable to HIV, other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. Evidence for the effectiveness of individual behaviour change interventions in reducing incidence of HIV and other biological outcomes is limited, and the need to address the social conditions in which young people become sexually active is clear. Adolescents' peers are a key aspect of this social environment and could have important influences on sexual behaviour. There has not yet been a systematic review on the topic in sub-Saharan Africa. …
This two-part guidance note is part of a series of DFID guidance notes on VAWG. It focuses specifically on how to address VAWG in education programming, where DFID aims to make progress towards two key impacts: 1. Girls and boys gain valuable knowledge, skills and self-confidence through education in gender-responsive environments free from all forms of violence or threat of violence; 2. Education systems, through formal and informal settings, actively contribute to the development of more gender-equitable societies, where VAWG is not tolerated. …
School related gender based violence (SRGBV) has become highlighted as an important arena for prevention and intervention in the education sector but there is little collected intelligence to date on best practice. Concern Worldwide along with other development agencies has developed programmes incorporating prevention and response interventions to address SRGBV. …
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region with the world’s highest rates of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs), yet numerous studies show that condom use is generally rare. This suggests a need for a better understanding of how condoms fit within sexual practices and relationships in SSA. This paper seeks to address this need by reviewing research published between the late 1980s and 2011 on use and factors influencing use of male condoms in SSA. …
There is growing recognition that primary prevention, including behavior change, must be central in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The earlier successes in Thailand and Uganda may not be fully relevant to the severely affected countries of southern Africa. We conducted an extensive multi-disciplinary synthesis of the available data on the causes of the remarkable HIV decline that has occurred in Zimbabwe (29% estimated adult prevalence in 1997 to 16% in 2007), in the context of severe social, political, and economic disruption. …
This paper assesses the extent to which HIV prevention interventions for young people in sub-Saharan Africa are grounded in theory and if theory-based interventions are more effective. Three databases were searched for evaluation studies of HIV prevention interventions for youth. Additional articles were identified on websites of international organisations and through searching references. 34 interventions were included; 25 mentioned the use of theory. …
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) continues to be a major public health concern in Trinidad and Tobago. In keeping with the UNAIDS global thrust of examining HIV prevention in order to halt HIV transmission and "Scale-Up" the response, Trinidad and Tobago has conducted a review of its HIV prevention efforts for the period 2004-2010 to guide the way forward in HIV prevention.
This systematic review looks at levels of STI awareness, knowledge and perceived risk of school-going adolescents in Europe. Fifteen studies were included, all of which cross-sectional and conducted among 13 to 20 year olds. Awareness and knowledge varied depending on gender. Awareness on HIV/AIDS was high (over 90%) but low for HPV (5.4%-66%). While knowledge that condoms protect against STIs was high, adolescents viewed it as an interim contraception method before using the pill. In this study, knowledge did not translate into safer sex behavior change. …
This systematic review analyzes 24 mass media campaigns' effect on HIV knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The studies were published between 1990 and 2004 about developing countries and compared outcomes by reviewing pre-and post-intervention data; intervention vs. control groups or post-intervention data across levels of exposure. …
This survey investigates knowledge, attitudes, behavior and practices (KAB/P) among different segments of society in six important Chinese cities Kunming, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Wuhan, Zhengzhou and Beijing. The survey was conducted by Renmin University with financial and technical support from UNAIDS, the Global Business Coalition on HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria (GBC), and Ogilvy. …
This report presents findings of a stocktaking exercise on research on HIV and education undertaken by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) in September 2008. The stocktaking exercise was commissioned by the UNAIDS Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) on Education to inform a meeting of the IATT on "Expanding the Evidence Base and Research on HIV and Education". Following a description of the methodology used for this review, a summary of findings by theme and sub-theme is presented, followed by an annotated bibliography of the documents relevant to the theme/sub-theme. …
The public health and international development communities have known for nearly two decades that gender - the way in which societies define acceptable roles, responsibilities, and behaviors of women and men - strongly influences how HIV spreads and how people respond to the epidemic. Because of the interrelated factors that contribute to HIV infection, there is growing recognition that using multiple approaches in HIV and AIDS programming is more effective than single strategies. …
This document is a report of a study commissioned by the basic education team of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Africa Bureau's Office of Sustainable Development on reducing the likelihood of HIV/AIDS infection among teachers and learners. This report reflects on an effort to collect and share information about existing classroom-based life skills programs. Several African programs which have been evaluated are briefly described, along with research findings and lessons learned. …
This document is a review of sixty life skills education (LSE) and HIV/AIDS materials used in life skills education of young adolescents in twelve countries in the ESAR region. It assesses the myths and biases young people may have internalized regarding HIV/AIDS. Besides UNICEF officers, this publication is expected to be useful to policy makers in education, designers, teacher trainers, teachers, peer educators, facilitators and others working in the area of HIV/AIDS prevention in the education sector. …
