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This literature review sought to understand how the South African Education Department and its stakeholders have responded to the plight of OVC.
Objective: To review the published and grey literature for information regarding the costs and cost effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the welfare of orphans and vulnerable children owing to HIV ⁄ AIDS in low- and middle-income countries. Method: We carried out a search of the peer-reviewed literature through PubMed, EconLit, and Web of Science for the period January 2000 to December 2010. …
This report summarises a rapid review carried out by Interact Worldwide and funded by Countdown 2015 Europe. The review addresses the perception that, in the context of SRHR, all adolescents are equally ‘marginalised’ and ‘vulnerable’ due to their age. It explores how such a general assertion neglects the dramatically different situations and experiences of adolescents throughout the world: in reality, not all are equally ‘marginalised’ or ‘vulnerable’. The review asks Who are we failing and why? …
This paper reviews and discusses studies and interventions which have addressed the problems and concerns of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in India. Most of the research and commentary on OVC is based on investigations conducted in African countries. Accordingly, this review focuses on OVC in India in order to facilitate further critical discussion and the development of appropriate programmes and policies for the Indian context. …
The USAID Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1, conducted a comprehensive desk review to better understand the nature and extent of OVC in Global Fund HIV/AIDS grants and the processes involved. The project then supported a study in Kenya to explore the country situation influencing these processes. Information for the activity came from a review of proposal and grant-related documents available through the Global Fund website and interviews with key informants in Kenya. Kenya was chosen due to its high HIV prevalence rate, OVC burden, and a succession of proposals and grants over time. …
The USAID Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1, conducted this comprehensive desk review, followed by a pilot country study (Pfleiderer and O. Kantai, 2010), to better understand the extent of OVC inclusion in GFATM processes. The desk review that resulted in this report reviewed documents for 261 HIV grants retrieved from the grant database on the Global Fund's web site. It did not include other kinds of Global Fund grants, including health systems strengthening (HSS) grants. …
In order to develop a comprehensive response to HIV/AIDS pandemic in women and children, Rwanda has benefited from generous international commitment of resources and technical assistance. More than halfway to the 2015 deadline to achieve the MDGs, an assessment of the progress towards achieving MDG 6 for children and HIV in Rwanda is needed to inform the acceleration of program implementation. An assessment tool was first of all developed around the "Four Ps". …
This report was commissioned by the Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) on Children affected by HIV and AIDS' working group on National Plans of Action (NPAs). It presents a broad overview of progress made and lessons learned in mounting national responses for children affected by AIDS and other vulnerable children. Based on review findings, future actions are suggested to strengthen national responses and ultimately, improve outcomes for children. This study is based on a review of the literature, key informant interviews and expert consultation. …
For children affected by HIV and AIDS, the risks of poverty and loss of livelihood are compounded by the risk of losing family care - their first line of protection. While cash transfers alone are not the solution, they can be an important element of an overall care package for children. Social protection measures - including social transfers (cash, in-kind [food] or vouchers), family support services, and alternative care - can help mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS by reducing poverty and family separation. …
Messages conveyed both explicitly and implicitly in the media play an important role in the shaping of public understanding of issues, as well as associated policy, programme and popular responses to these issues. This paper applies discourse analysis to a series of articles on children affected by HIV/AIDS published in 2002/2003 in the English-medium South African press. …
This mapping exercise was conducted because impact mitigation, and particularly support to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), is seen as one of the "unfinished agendas" for the country and a top priority in the HIV and AIDS response. It has been conducted alongside a Situation and Response Assessment and estimate of the OVC population, so that together they can be used to analyse coverage and identify geographical and programmatic gaps and priority areas. …
Ensuring social protection for vulnerable people is a goal of MKUKUTA (the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty) in Tanzania, and children are commonly considered to be among the most vulnerable. REPOA has been involved in analytic work on the vulnerability of children, in part to provide evidence for Government's efforts to develop a national framework for social protection. This special paper synthesises the analysis and draws some conclusions based on this and closely related work.
This table summarizes the status of legislation in relation to HIV in Eastern and Southern Africa. The approached subjects are anti-discrimination and equality, HIV specific legislation, gender violence/sexual offences, right to health care/reproductive health, child protection/vulnerable groups, property rights and inheritance, customary practices. This table was taken from "Supporting the response to the HIV epidemic in Eastern and Southern Africa through the international human rights framework", by UNDP.
This research suggests that stigma and discrimination can exacerbate the material and psychological problems children already face in context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This paper reviews the literature on HIV/AIDS, children and stigma to interrogate the following questions: What is the evidence that HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination directly affects children, both materially and psychologically? How does HIV/AIDS-related stigma impact materially and psychologically, on adult caregivers and household structures supporting children affected by HIV/AIDS? …
In recent years, the education sector in low-income countries has come to play an increasingly important role in the health of the school-aged child. The sector has a key role in providing young people, especially girls, a chance to a productive and AIDS-free life, through the social vaccine of education. …
