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This publication highlights the key findings of 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS 5), a nationally representative survey of 13,497 women age 15-49 and 5,585 men age 15-59 from 12,793 interviewed households. …
Aims: To identify with whom in-school adolescents preferred to communicate about sexuality, and to study adolescents' communication on HIV/AIDS, abstinence and condoms with parents/guardians, other adult family members, and teachers. Data were obtained from a baseline questionnaire survey carried out in South Africa (Cape Town and Mankweng) and Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) in early 2004. We analysed data for 14,944 adolescents from 80 randomly selected schools. …
This newly released report, published by UNICEF with UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNFPA, ILO, WHO and the World Bank, describes the state of the epidemic in young people, the evidence for effective responses that address behavioural, social and structural challenges and prevent new HIV infections in young people. Country-specific data is shared.
A clear understanding of geographic distribution of HIV-infected people and maintaining up-to-date lists and locations of facilities providing HIV-related services are essential for monitoring the epidemic and for providing treatment, care, and support services to the infected and their families. In this study, we model and map human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in Kenya in relation to its spatial and behavioral determinants, using data from the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). …
After examining the history of HIV/AIDS in Russia and India, the article examines the present prevalence of, and future projections for, HIV/AIDS in both countries. It also discusses the economic, political, and social consequences of the pandemic in either region, while evaluating the effectiveness of the Indian and Russian governmental attempts to stem the health crisis. The article concludes with certain policy recommendations for the target countries' respective governments.
This report presents findings from a further analysis study undertaken as part of the follow-up to the 2003 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS). ORC Macro provided technical assistance for the project. Funding was provided by the USAID. This report is part of the MEASURE DHS program, which is designed to collect, analyze, and disseminate data on fertility, family planning, maternal and child health, nutrition, and HIV/AIDS. …
Understanding the demographic and socioeconomic patterns of the prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa is crucial for developing programs and policies to combat HIV/AIDS. This paper looks critically at the methods and analytical challenges to study the links between socioeconomic and demographic status and HIV/AIDS. Some of the misconceptions about the HIV/AIDS epidemic are discussed and unusual empirical evidence from the existing body of work is presented. Several important messages emerge from the results. …
Following the consensus on provincial, regional, and national HIV prevalence rates reached at the meeting of 6 September 2001, the Technical Group proceeded to update projections of the Demographic Impact of HIV/AIDS in Mozambique that were originally based on the 1998 epidemiological surveillance round. The objective of the present document is to disseminate the updated results of the Demographic Impact of HIV/AIDS in Mozambique, based on the HIV rates from the 2000 epidemiological surveillance round. …
The publication highlights findings from a series of a national demographic and health surveys that are directly relevant to AIDS epidemic. It provides a picture of HIV-and-AIDS related awareness and behaviour across countries and population groups, age and gender. Information about risk-related behaviours, their determinants and the context within which they occur has direct relevance targeting of AIDS prevention efforts.
This paper examines the magnitude, distribution and causes of HIV/AIDS in Kenya, including responses to fight the disease. An account is also provided of theoretical and empirical economics research approaches used in analysing the impact of HIV/AIDS. On average, statistics show that HIV/AIDS prevalence rates in urban areas are higher than in rural areas, and that HIV/AIDS is imposing heavy costs on the economy, primarily through increased medical care expenditure and labour losses. …
