Number of professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, as well as in the management of these projects during a given year expressed as a proportion of a labour force of 1,000 people.
Number of researchers during a given year divided by the total labour force and multiplied by 1,000.
R&D surveys.
Adapted from OECD (2002), Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, §301.