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This paper interrogates the influence of a tradition-modernity dichotomy on perspectives and practices on sexual violence and sexual relationships involving girls in three districts of Kenya, Ghana and Mozambique. Through deploying an analytical framework of positioning within multiple discursive sites, the authors argue that although the dichotomy misrepresents the complexity of contemporary communities, it is nonetheless deployed by girls, educational initiatives and researchers in their reflections on girls’ sexual practices and sexual violence. …
CONTEXT: Age at sexual debut, age at first marriage or first union and age at first birth are among the most widely used indicators of health and well-being for female adolescents. However, the accuracy of estimates for these indicators, particularly for younger adolescents, is poorly understood. METHODS: For each of nine countries in Africa and Latin America, Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from two surveys conducted five years apart were used to examine women’s reports of age at sexual debut, marriage or first union, and first birth. …
This document is the revised National HIV and AIDS, STI Policy for Ghana. It has been revised by the Ghana AIDS Commission in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, National AIDS and STI Control Programme (NACP) of the Ghana Health Service and key stakeholders, taking into account recent developments in the national and global response. …
This ‘Manual on Healthy Eating for School-Age Children’ has been prepared for basic education schools (kindergarten, primary, and junior high schools) in Ghana to improve the health of school-age children (aged 4 to 15 years). It is intended to be used by teachers, peer educators, health workers and other extension workers. Though nutrition forms part of the school curriculum, children leave school with very little knowledge on healthy eating habits, and on the required amounts and quantities of food needed to have the nutrients for their bodies to grow and develop. …
This compendium has profiled and analysed 11 case studies on integrated service delivery in the context of EMTCT from 9 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. All of the examples demonstrate a general trend towards the implementation of integrated service delivery models supported by policy frameworks adopted in country and by service organizations at the facility level. These promising practices are by no means exhaustive or geographically representative. They do, however, contain valuable and practical vignettes of integrated service delivery in countries with generalized HIV epidemics. …
The barriers to menstrual hygiene management faced by adolescent schoolgirls in low-income countries are gaining interest at practice and policy levels. The challenges include inadequate water, sanitation and disposal facilities for the management of menses with privacy and dignity, and insufficient guidance to help girls feel confident in attending school during menses. The studies described here aimed to examine how menarche impacts the lives of schoolgirls in three low-income countries (Ghana, Cambodia and Ethiopia). …
The Teachers Guide begins with a preface, an acknowledgement and brief introduction, and is followed by guidelines on how to use the curriculum in schools. Part II provides an overview of the drug situation in Ghana and Part III discusses the social and psychological factors affecting drug use by young people. Part IV lists some useful resources and other information for teachers. There are two annexes: one dealing with Drug Education, Life Skills and Positive Prevention, and the other containing some short stories written about the effects of drug abuse. …
Objective: Just as HIV prevention programs need to be tailored to the local epidemic, so should evaluations be country-owned and country-led to ensure use of those results in decision making and policy. The objective of this paper is to describe the process undertaken in Ghana to develop a national evaluation plan for the Ghana national strategy for key populations. Methods: This was a participatory process that involved meetings between the Ghana AIDS Commission (GAC), other partners in Ghana working to prevent HIV among key populations, and MEASURE Evaluation. …
Preventing Child Marriage in the Commonwealth: the Role of Education is the latest in a series of reports written by the Royal Commonwealth Society and Plan UK as part of our collaboration to end child, early and forced marriage in the Commonwealth. This report draws on the substantial body of evidence linking improved education to a reduced prevalence of child marriage and seeks to answer the question: what can Commonwealth education stakeholders do to ensure that girls are able to access a safe, high quality education? …
The overarching goal of this Policy is to provide broad guidelines for the coordination of all HIV and AIDS programmes in order to prevent new HIV infections and mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS on the Education Sector. The Policy is guided by the 1992 Fourth Republican Constitution of Ghana, the National HIV and AIDS, STI Policy - 2013, the Education Strategic Plan (ESP) 2010 - 2020 and other government policies, international conventions and protocols, such as the ILO Recommendation concerning HIV and AIDS and the World of Work, 2010 (No. 200). …
This issue of the journal Waterlines looks at experiences of menstrual hygiene management in schools in a number of countries.
In a number of countries in Africa, young women who become pregnant are excluded from school. This article presents a critique of policy and practice in this area drawing partly on Diana Leonard's scholarship concerning the relational dynamic of gender, generation, social division, and household forms. Much of the policy prescription of large global organisations concerned with the expansion of secondary schooling in Africa does not sufficiently take account of the connection between the gender dynamics of the private and that of the public outlined in Leonard's work. …
NETEWAG (Network of Teachers and Educational workers in HIV and AIDS, Ghana) envisions a stigma and discrimination free and equal opportunity environment for Teachers and Educational workers living with HIV in Ghana. Teachers play a key custodian role within the education system and are also central to efforts to achieve the Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However like their counterparts in other sub Saharan African countries, teachers in Ghana have not been spared the threat of HIV and AIDS. …
The Safe Schools Program (Safe Schools) was a five-year initiative (2003-2008) funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Office of Women in Development and implemented by DevTech Systems, Inc. (DevTech). This program was at the forefront of defining, understanding and addressing school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV). In 2003, gender-based violence in schools was considered a significant obstacle both to achieving the Education for All (EFA) goals, and to reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS. …
HIV knowledge is commonly measured in HIV prevention research and program evaluations, but rigorous measurement standards are not always applied. Using item response theory methods, we examined the psychometric functioning of five commonly used HIV knowledge questions in five countries with varying HIV prevalence. We evaluated the internal consistency and measurement invariance of the items. The items performed poorly in all samples and the scale as a whole did not perform equally across samples. …
