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'Guidelines for Using Living: Skills for Life, Botswana’s Window of Hope', has been designed to help teachers use the Living materials in the classroom. They are in response to comments from teachers regarding the lack of clarity on (1) how to use the materials ‘as is’ and (2) how to use them to infuse life skills and HIV and AIDS topics in different subjects. Specifically, these guidelines seek to address two objectives. To help teachers to: 1. Use materials ‘as is’ and through infusion to build life skills; 2. …
'Guidelines for using Living: Skills for Life, Botswana’s Window of Hope', has been designed to help teachers use the Living materials in the classroom. They are in response to comments from teachers regarding the lack of clarity on (1) how to use the materials ‘as is’ and (2) how to use them to infuse life skills and HIV and AIDS topics in different subjects. Specifically, these guidelines seek to address two objectives. To help teachers to: 1. Use materials ‘as is’ and through infusion to build life skills; 2. …
Girls are vulnerable to HIV in part because the social systems in which they live have failed to protect them. This study evaluates a program aimed at making schools safe for girl learners in order to reduce girls’ vulnerability to HIV in Botswana, Malawi, and Mozambique. In addition to an extensive process evaluation with school personnel program participants, program facilitators, and community members, a cross-sectional post-intervention survey was conducted among adolescent girls in the three countries. The total sample size was 1249 adolescent girls (ages 11–18). …
This report is a consolidated summary and analysis of the status of comprehensive sexuality education for teacher training in 21 countries in the East and Southern Africa region.
In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), early and unintended pregnancy leads to a colossal loss of educational opportunities for girls: A high proportion of pregnancies among adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in the region are unintended, and nearly all adolescent girls who have ever been pregnant are out of school in most SSA countries. Existing studies that show associations between early/unintended pregnancy and school dropout lead to critical questions about how the education sector is responding to the issue in SSA. …
The objective of the current study is to explore the use of Rasch scaling technique to construct a Perceived School Disorder Index (PSDI) in order to see if there are ‘stages’ of evolution in a school climate. More specifically, the research questions for the current study are: Which items constitute the PSDI in Sub-Saharan African countries? What profile of behavioural problems are likely to emerge at different stages of the school climate? What were boys’ and girls’ learning outcomes at each stage of the school climate?
The accountability frame work has been developed as a tool to monitor country and regional progress towards the agreed commitments as set out in the ESA Ministerial commitment document. The technical coordinating Group, under the leadership of UNAIDS and with support from SADC and EAC Secretariats will play a key role in the development and implementation of the accountability mechanism. The intended audience for the framework are primarily governments in the 20 countries, civil society partners (including young people and community based organisations) and development partners.
Background An estimated 2.1 million individuals are newly infected with HIV every year. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have reported conflicting evidence for the association between education and HIV risk, and no randomised trial has identified a causal effect for education on HIV incidence. We aimed to use a policy reform in secondary schooling in Botswana to identify the causal effect of length of schooling on new HIV infection. …
The guidance provided in this document will assist in standardizing HIV testing and counselling service provision. The document is intended for policy makers, HIV and AIDS Programme managers and health care providers in the public, private and civil society settings.
This document is the Commonwealth Charter adopted by National Human Rights Institutions and members of the Commonwealth Forum of National Human Rights Institutions (CFNHRI) attending a working session on the imperative to prevent and eliminate child, early and forced marriage, on 5-6 May 2015 in Kigali, Rwanda.
The article critiques pregnancy policies in the education systems in sub-Saharan Africa. Policies discussed are divided into expulsion, re-entry and continuation policies. Arguing from the standpoint of theories of oppression, it is postulated that expulsion policies symbolise direct violence against girls who become pregnant and are more common in those countries with poor human rights records. …
In December 2013, ministers of education and health from twenty ESA countries affirmed and endorsed their joint commitment to deliver comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services for young people. The ESA Commitment document was developed based on a Regional Report, “Young People Today: Time to Act Now” which reviewed the trends and status of sexual and reproductive health and HIV among adolescents and young people in the ESA Region including comprehensive sexuality education and service needs. …
Special attention was given to the issues related to school violence in the studies conducted by a consortium known as Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ). These issues were included in the form of research questions which sought information on pupils’ and teachers’ behavioural problems at the primary school level. This paper addresses the following three research questions: (1) What were the changes in the perceived occurrence of school violence in SACMEQ school systems between 2000 and 2007? …
This review focuses on the major factors that drive HIV infection and explores interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness, as well as illustrating important learnings for programme development. Findings inform understanding of sex and sexuality in relation to HIV risk and the potentials for interventions in the Botswana context.
Background: HIV-related stigmatisation and discrimination by young children towards their peers have important consequences at the individual level and for our response to the epidemic, yet research on this area is limited. Methods: We used nationally representative data to examine discrimination of HIV-positive children by grade six students (n = 39,664) across nine countries in Southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. …
