This Report sets out the current context for Social, Personal and Health Education (SPHE) in Chapter Two. It notes the approval of an integrated SPHE curriculum for Junior Cycle in 2000 along with the establishment of the SPHE Post-Primary Support Service which was a collaborative initiative with the Department of Health. The SPHE Curriculum was introduced to primary schools from 1999 and the SPHE curriculum for post-primary schools was introduced in 2003. Substance use education is not delivered in isolation but is an integral part of SPHE and can be directly relevant to other subject areas, such as Physical Education (PE) and Home Economics. Literature Review : A comprehensive literature review was undertaken and is summarised in Chapter Three of the Report. It includes a review of both national and international reports. In summary, the review found that “holistic, multi-element programmes incorporating whole-school, parent and community support components, along with a harm reduction approach, appear to offer considerable advantages to substance use education programmes for young people”.