Guided by stakeholder consultation and the review of available research literature, the National Research Agenda provides a guide for Papua New Guinea over the next 5 years. Priority areas for research are under 3 subtheme areas of: i) Increasing knowledge of the drivers of the epidemic and understanding the lives of those directly infected and affected by HIV and AIDS; ii) Evaluating the effectiveness and appropriateness of the National Response to HIV; and iii) Measuring the impact and intersection of the epidemic on sectors and civil society.