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Policy analysis tool: Addressing gender-based violence and integrating attention to engaging men and boys for gender equality in national strategic plans on HIV and AIDS
This study aimed to assess HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of high school students in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) because inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes and risky practices are major hindrances to preventing the spread of HIV. This is a cross-sectional study on unmarried male students aged between 16 and 19 years old, undertaken in 2010. …
Notions of ideal manhood in South Africa are potentially prescriptive of male sexuality thus accounting for the behaviors which may lead to men being at greater HIV risk. We tested the hypothesis that gender and relationship constructs are associated with condom use among young men living in rural South Africa. 1219 men aged 15–26 years completed a cross-sectional baseline survey from an IsiXhosa questionnaire asking about sexual behaviour and relationships. …
This Toolkit shares information, tools, activities, and skills building ideas and methods to support organisations and individuals to better understand the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people (LGBTI) in HIV and gender-based violence work in their communities. This Toolkit provides a means to disseminate information pertaining to African sexualities, human sexuality and sexual minorities. It specifically addresses how sexual orientation and gender identity relates to and interconnects with HIV and gender based violence. …
It has become evident that sexual health and HIV-risk behaviours cannot be addressed effectively without paying adequate attention to constructions of gender and sexuality. While the body of literature examining these themes is growing and becoming more nuanced, there is still a significant gap in our understanding of the relationship between gendered sexual identities and vulnerabilities to disease. In particular, few studies have explored how youths themselves perceive this relationship, and how these perceptions may differ among males and females. …
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is perceived as a major contributor to HIV transmission in Swaziland. This exploratory study aimed to develop a culturally-specific understanding of men's perspectives of IPV. Focus group methods were used to gather information from 45 young urban Swazi men who had undergone medical male circumcision. A thematic analysis was conducted focussing on the manifestations of IPV and socio-cultural and economic factors which underpin, circumstances which trigger and social responses to IPV. …
The purpose of this paper is to provide practical guidance to policymakers and program managers on how to engage men and address harmful male norms in seven key areas of intervention in relation to HIV/AIDS: 1 Social and Behaviour Change in Men; 2 Violence against women; 3 Men, Sex Work and Transactional Sex; 4 Men, Substance abuse and HIV/AIDS; 5 Male Circumcision; 6 Men, VCT and Treatment; 7 Male Norms and the Caregiving for People Living with and Affected by HIV/AIDS. …
Great numbers of men report experiencing violence as children and these experiences have significant lifelong effects, according to the new analysis of the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) dataset included in this report. Adult men who were victims or witnesses of domestic violence as children, for instance, likely come to accept violence as a conflict resolving tactic not only in intimate partnerships but also in their wider lives. …
The ‘Exploring Masculinities’ (EM) programme was piloted in 22 Irish single-sex boys’ post-primary schools during the late 1990s. Following objections from some influential journalists and an organisation representing parents whose sons attended Catholic secondary schools, the Minister for Education and Science put the planned dissemination of the programme on hold. The concerns of the objectors included the proposed treatment of sexual orientation and homophobia in the context of the school curriculum. …
This report introduces current knowledge on the particular situation that Vietnamese women face with regard to HIV. Women are a critical population within the epidemic, not only in terms of sheer numbers, but as this report emphasizes, in terms of the disproportionate toll that HIV can take on their lives. Even as the rate of infection begins to stabilize among high-risk men, transmission continues from these men to their wives and regular partners. …
WHO and UNAIDS developed Operational guidance for scaling up male circumcision services for HIV prevention in 2008 to support countries in the development of national programmes on this intervention. Ten essential components were identified for programmes: leadership and partnerships, situation analysis, advocacy, enabling policy and regulatory environment, strategy and operational plan for national implementation, quality assurance and improvement, human resource development, commodity security, social change communication, and M&E.; …
The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Participants included 38 unmarried rural men in four focus-group discussions and a representative sample of 316 similarly profiled men, ages 17-22 years. Information was collected via survey on the men's socioeconomic characteristics; awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of family planning; attitudes toward future contraceptive use; intra-family communication; knowledge about STIs/HIV/AIDS; and access and use of condoms. …
We developed and evaluated a military-focused HIV prevention intervention to enhance HIV riskreduction knowledge, motivation, and behaviors among Angolan soldiers. Twelve bases were randomly assigned to HIV prevention or control conditions, yielding 568 participants. HIV prevention participants received training in preventing HIV (4.5 days) and malaria (0.5 days). Control participants received the reverse. Monthly booster sessions were available after each intervention. We assessed participants at baseline, three and six months after the training. …
Peer education has long been used to promote HIV awareness and reduce risk. However, little has been written about its use in refugee settings. This study aimed to assess whether refugee peer education could improve HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices among Guinean refugees. The study also assessed whether gender, age or formal education were more strongly associated to improved HIV outcomes than peer education. Data was collected through a cross-sectional survey of 889 men and women in 23 camps throughout the Forest Region, Guinea. …
AIDS education must be tailored to the target community's needs. A three-pronged approach is needed to mitigate the AIDS epidemic within the African American community. Firstly, the notion that AIDS and the drug abuse epidemics are a conspiracy must be dispelled and converted into a movement to save African Americans. Secondly, African American men and women, separately then together, must take responsibility for the gender role changes that have encouraged HIV and STI infections. …
