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We examined the association between HIV infection and educational attainment level among a population of 34,512 voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clients in Ethiopia, using client data from the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE). Overall, more than 50 percent of the VCT clients report at least secondary level educational attainment, and HIV prevalence is 8.5 percent for men and 14.3 percent for women. …
Sexual violence is a significant problem in South Africa. Such encounters bring psychological trauma, social stigma, and the risk of pregnancy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Existing qualitative research indicates that survivors have difficulty concentrating on school-work, with many reportedly losing interest and some leaving school. The relationship between these experiences and school enrolment and educational attainment has not been quantified in sub-Saharan Africa. …
This paper aims to take a closer look at the impact of the epidemic on children (0-18 years old), which is growing, by reviewing and synthesizing several research studies that have been conducted over the years in the Asia-Pacific region. …
The objective of this study was to explore the special needs HIV positive young people in primary and secondary schools in Uganda with a view to identifying possible responses by the education sector to these needs. It was implemented by the Population Council in collaboration with the Child Health and Development Centre- Makerere University, The AIDS Support Organization (TASO)- Uganda, and the Ministry of Education- Uganda, through funding from the Ford Foundation. …
South Africa is currently experiencing one of the most severe AIDS epidemics in the world with more than five million (or an estimated 11%) of the population living with HIV. For each person living with HIV, the impact is felt not only by the infected person, but it also impacts the lives of their families, friends and wider communities, significantly multiplying the effect. The aim of this project is to support schools to best manage the health and social needs of vulnerable children and educators infected and affected by HIV and AIDS. …
This impact analysis revealed that the number of HIV positive teachers is likely to increase, as could AIDS mortality and absenteeism. ART, particularly second-line ART could reduce these problems and save money. HIV prevalence in Rwandan teachers could reach 12% by 2015. Considerable effort is required to reduce pupil-teacher ratios and increase orphan school attendance. Rwanda can celebrate its successes in increasing net enrolment.
There is much evidence showing an association between sexual behavior and both attendance and attainment. Experimental evidence that school attendance leads to safer sexual behavior is currently under review. Studies suggest several pathways through which sexual behavior, and consequently the risk of HIV infection, may be influenced by schooling. Students attending school have a smaller sexual network and a stronger motivation to avoid the consequences of unprotected sex - both pregnancy and HIV infection - than their out-of-school peers.
Education plays a pivotal role in shaping the lives of children and young adults. Yet, schools can be breeding grounds for potentially damaging behaviors that remain with pupils into adulthood. Schools can conversely prove effective in helping young people learn positive and healthy models of behavior by challenging the harmful gender norms that limit academic achievement and increase the likelihood of HIV infection, especially for girls. …
In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 12 million children 17 years of age and younger have lost one or both parents to AIDS, and many more live with a chronically ill parent or guardian. Children affected by HIV and AIDS often face intensified poverty; inadequate food, shelter, and medical care; stigma and discrimination; mental distress; and other challenges. Despite recognition of the magnitude and negative consequences of these problems, there is a dearth of evidence as to what types of programs best improve the well-being of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). …
In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 12 million children under the age of 18 have lost a parent to AIDS. Despite this situation, the evidence regarding effectiveness of interventions targeting these children remains scant. This paper contributes to the literature by evaluating the impact of a community-based program implemented by a Zambian nongovernmental agency (NGO) on educational outcomes among orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Lusaka, Zambia. These outcomes included school enrollment and being at the correct age-for-grade. …
This study is an article extracted from "Studies in Family Planning", special issue on Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Sub-Saharan Africa, published in December 2008. It examines transitions in schooling, sexual activity, and pregnancy among adolescents and young adults in urban South Africa. Data are analyzed from the Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS), a recently collected longitudinal survey of young adults and their families in metropolitan Cape Town. We find that teen pregnancy is not entirely inconsistent with continued schooling, especially for African women. …
This brief outlines the situation of orphans and vulnerable children in sub-Saharan Africa and proposes measures to increase their access to education.
The purpose of this paper is to use data from the Kagera region of northwestern Tanzania to investigate the long run impact of the timing of parental death on the education outcomes. …
A large literature examines the link between shocks to households and the educational attainment of children.We use new data to estimate the impact of shocks to teachers on student learning in Mathematics and English. Using absenteeism in the 30 days preceding the survey as a measure of these shocks we find large impacts: A 5-percent increase in the teacher's absence rate reduces learning by 4 to 8 percent of average gains over the year. …
The authors examine the performance of the primary school education system in Tanzania over the 1990s. Given the relatively robust correlation between educational attainment and productivity established in the literature in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, human capital accumulation through education forms a major component of development strategy. At the same time, AIDS poses clear threats to the goal of human capital accumulation through education. …
