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In KwaZulu/Natal, South Africa, where HIV prevalence is among the world's highest, a longitudinal qualitative study of partnership dynamics and HIV preventive behaviors was conducted. 47 young adults aged 18-24 participated in in-depth interviews, and 29 were re-interviewed 2 years later. Five analytical domains emerged: primary partnerships, love and romance; secondary partnerships; pregnancy/parenthood; condom use/prevention; and contextual influences, including schooling and future aspirations. …
This paper focuses on sexual debut among out-of-school youth in Masaka District, Uganda; factors influencing its timing; and assistance young people feel they need to delay sexual initiation. Data were drawn from a needs assessment using applied anthropological techniques with young people ages 13-19 years. Parents, guardians, and community leaders were also consulted. All participants felt that young people begin their sexual lives too early. Young men feel under pressure from friends and older men to prove their masculinity. …
Legislation can be instrumental in impeding or promoting initiatives to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The widespread legal, social, economic and political ramifications of the epidemic make it necessary to review and reform a broad range of laws. Within a context of entrenched gender discrimination, the devastating impacts of HIV/AIDS, widespread poverty and increasing competition for resources such as property and land, legislative solutions to the denial of women's rights are urgently needed. …
This chartbook aims to provide policymakers, program managers, and the interested public in sub-Saharan Africa and around the world with a better understanding of the needs and experiences of youth in the region and how investments in youth can help achieve the MDGs. The data is drawn primarily from the Demographic and Health Surveys.
Papua New Guinean primary school students need to know about HIV, STIs, sex and reproductive health to protect themselves and others. Grade 6, 7 and 8 now have a subject called Personal Development which, among other areas, helps them to develop good knowledge, skills and attitudes towards sex, sexuality and sexual health. It prepares them to be responsible adults. In Grade 5 young people learn about HIV/AIDS and STIs in their Health course. Teachers need to be trained on how to teach HIV/AIDS and reproductive health within these subjects and work with their pupils in a positive way. …
Understanding the demographic and socioeconomic patterns of the prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa is crucial for developing programs and policies to combat HIV/AIDS. This paper looks critically at the methods and analytical challenges to study the links between socioeconomic and demographic status and HIV/AIDS. Some of the misconceptions about the HIV/AIDS epidemic are discussed and unusual empirical evidence from the existing body of work is presented. Several important messages emerge from the results. …
Straight Talk Foundation (STF) has worked for 15 years to better the lives of Ugandan adolescents. Its focus has been HIV prevention and improved adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). STF's approach builds on the voices and stories of young people, parents, teachers and health workers to create "conversations" and generate solutions. STF works through three channels: radio, print and face-to-face communication. In 2005, STF drew up a five year Strategic Plan (SP) for 2006-2010. …
The purpose of this epidemic, response and policy synthesis is to provide an overall analysis of the HIV epidemic and response in Zambia by drawing together, triangulating and reconciling various and different data sources in order to make recommendations as to how the response could be improved. …
NERCHA (National Emergency Response Council on HIV/AIDS), MOHSW (Ministry of Health and Social Welfare), UNAIDS and GAMET/World Bank are collaborating in a capacity development process to support an evidence based review of Swaziland's epidemiological situation (Know Your Epidemic, KYE) and the national HIV prevention response (Know Your Response, KYR). The process for the KYE was an in-depth review of available epidemiological data from Swaziland and the sub-region, and application of the UNAIDS incidence estimation model. …
For the study in Kenya, (similar studies in Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Uganda, and Zambia) HIV epidemiological data and incidence modelling data (from the UNAIDS Modes of Transmission Model) were analysed together to obtain an epidemiological synthesis (Know Your Epidemic, KYE synthesis), while the HIV prevention review and resources data were analysed together to obtain an HIV response synthesis or "Know Your Response" (KYR) synthesis. …
In May 2006, ASTRA-Youth concluded a research done in 11 countries from Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans. In average, 50 young people (between 16 and 30 years old) were interviewed in each country. The research focussed on the knowledge and attitudes of Youth towards Sexual and Reproductive Health issues in their countries. In addition, a cross cultural analysis of the data provided a clear picture of the commonalities and differences in attitudes and needs, giving the opportunity to share best practices and materials amongst participating countries. …
This report presents the results of an external assessment of youth-focused HIV/AIDS prevention program promoting abstinence before marriage and being faithful in a monogamous relationship as primary prevention approaches for youth aged 10-24. …
This is an evidence-based review of Lesotho's epidemiological situation (Know your epidemic, KYE) and national HIV prevention response (Know your response, KYR). The purpose of this modes of transmission (MoT) study is to contribute to the ongoing efforts to understand the epidemic and response in Lesotho and thus help the country improve the scope (doing the right kind of activities), relevance (with the right populations) and comprehensiveness (reaching all members of target populations) of HIV prevention efforts. …
This report identifies and describes what current evidence indicates are the main behavioral and contextual factors that are driving the HIV epidemic in Namibia. The report is intended to assist in the development of a national prevention strategy for combating the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Data from several sources are triangulated to assess which factors are most likely to contribute to the spread of HIV across the population. In the absence of a national seroprevalence survey, the following were examined to identify the main drivers of the Namibian HIV epidemic: 1. …
This booklet is prepared for young people aged 10-14. Young people have many misconceptions and questions about sexuality issues. Their queries are often based on fragmented information. Accurate information is essential to promote a healthy sexuality. The booklet explains issues such as puberty, what happens to boys' and girls' bodies, sex and sexuality, how babies are made, infections and abuse. It also provides answers to such questions as: What is happening to my body? What is this sex stuff really all about? When is the right time to start? What is safer sex? Am I attractive? …
