Higher education expenditure on R&D (HERD) represents the component of GERD incurred by units belonging to the Higher education sector (see the definition of Higher education sector). It is the measure of intramural R&D expenditures within the Higher education sector during a specific period.
Adapted from OECD (2015), Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development.