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The WHO School Health Technical Meeting was held in Bangkok on 23–25 November 2015 to consolidate what had been learned from regions and countries since the last WHO Technical Meeting on School Health in 2007 and to renew commitments and scale-up of the institutional capacity of the health and education sectors to achieve health and educational outcomes especially low-resource settings. More than 60 experts from a wide variety of geographical and professional backgrounds participated in the meeting. …
Comment on a study published in The Lancet Global Health by Audrey Pettifor and colleagues on cash transfers, school attendance and the reduction of HIV risk behaviours in adolescent girls.
Cash transfers have been proposed as an intervention to reduce HIV-infection risk for young women in sub-Saharan Africa. However, scarce evidence is available about their effect on reducing HIV acquisition. The authors aimed to assess the effect of a conditional cash transfer on HIV incidence among young women in rural South Africa. Based on their research findings, the authors draw the conclusion that cash transfers conditional on school attendance did not reduce HIV incidence in young women. School attendance significantly reduced risk of HIV acquisition, irrespective of study group. …
Lack of education and an economic dependence on men are often suggested as important risk factors for HIV infection in women. The authors assessed the efficacy of a cash transfer programme for schooling to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections in young women. Based on their findings the authors conclude that cash transfer programmes can reduce HIV and HSV-2 infections in adolescent schoolgirls in low-income settings. Structural interventions that do not directly target sexual behaviour change can be important components of HIV prevention strategies.
This article investigates how well South Africa’s Child Support Grant (CSG) responds to the material and psychosocial needs of adolescents, and the resultant effects on schooling and risky behaviour. One driver of schooling decisions is shame related to poverty and the ‘social cost’ of school, where a premium must often be paid for fashionable clothes or accessories. The other driver relates to symbolic and consumptive capital gained through engaging in sexual exchange relationships. The anticipated impacts from the CSG are partial because of these non-material drivers of adolescent choices. …
Social protection is high on the HIV-prevention agenda for youth in sub-Saharan Africa. However, questions remain: How do unconditional cash transfers work? What is the effect of augmenting cash provision with social care? And can “cash plus care” social protection reduce risks for adolescents most vulnerable to infection? This study tackles these questions by first identifying mediated pathways to adolescent HIV risks and then examining potential main and moderating effects of social protection in South Africa.
This paper is a response to the 17 new Sustainable Development Goals, an agreement by 193 countries at the United Nations to end poverty and inequality by 2030. The SDGs were agreed in September, on the basis that they would include everyone, without discrimination, and would ‘leave no one behind’. According to Stonewall, the SDGs could have gone further by explicitly calling for LGBT equality. This guide demonstrates some of the ways LGBT equality can be achieved. It looks at seven of the 17 goals and highlights the challenges LGBT people face. …
Les principes directeurs qui guideront la mise en œuvre du présent « Plan d’accélération de la riposte nationale au sida 2014 – 2017 » s’inscrivent dans les principes du PSN 2012-2015 qui sont les suivants : 1. Orientation des interventions vers les populations les plus exposées au risque et celles qui en ont le plus besoin. 2. Elargissement et renforcement de l’accessibilité aux services de prévention, de soins/traitement et de soutien à travers une meilleure disponibilité des services. 3. …
The overarching goal of this Policy is to provide broad guidelines for the coordination of all HIV and AIDS programmes in order to prevent new HIV infections and mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS on the Education Sector. The Policy is guided by the 1992 Fourth Republican Constitution of Ghana, the National HIV and AIDS, STI Policy - 2013, the Education Strategic Plan (ESP) 2010 - 2020 and other government policies, international conventions and protocols, such as the ILO Recommendation concerning HIV and AIDS and the World of Work, 2010 (No. 200). …
This brief provides evidence-backed advice to policymakers on how to get greater impact from HIV financing. RethinkHIV is a new research initiative, funded by the Rush Foundation, that aims to conduct and evaluate cutting-edge research to inform long-term planning and resource-allocation for the treatment and management of HIV/AIDS.
This discussion paper synthesizes the evidence for the effectiveness of cash transfers for HIV prevention and explores implications and opportunities for advancing research and policy agendas. Much of this evidence centres on girls and young women, who bear significant HIV burdens, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, and often have less control over their sexual choices than do men. Many forms of transfers exist that may contribute to HIV prevention. …
Background: The ‘Cash Transfer to Orphans and Vulnerable Children’ (CT-OVC) in Kenya is a government-supported program intended to provide regular and predictable cash transfers (CT) to poor households taking care of OVC. CT programs can be an effective means of alleviating poverty and facilitating the attainment of an adequate standard of living for people’s health and well-being and other international human rights. …
Donors at every level are retreating on funding commitments to HIV, and organizations working at the intersection of AIDS and rights are facing overall funding challenges. This briefing paper reports the findings of a 2012 study on HIV and human rights donor trends in Southern Africa, commissioned by the Open Society Foundations. It identifies opportunities to leverage donor support for HIV and human rights organizations, and for donor collaboration that can support them in the current funding environment.
Objectives: It is not known whether cumulative ‘cash plus care’ interventions can reduce adolescent HIV-infection risks in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated whether parental AIDS and other environmental adversities increase adolescent HIVrisk behaviour and whether social protection provision of ‘cash’ or integrated ‘cash plus care’ reduces HIV-risk behaviour. Design: A prospective observational study with random sampling (<2.5% baseline refusal, 1-year follow-up, 96.8% retention). …
The aim of this study is to assess whether the Government of Kenya’s Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (Kenya CT-OVC) can reduce the risk of HIV among young people by postponing sexual debut. The program provides an unconditional transfer of US$20 per month directly to the main caregiver in the household. An evaluation of the program was implemented in 2007–2009 in seven districts. Fourteen Locations were randomly assigned to receive the program and fourteen were assigned to a control arm. A sample of households was enrolled in the evaluation in 2007. …
