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More than 7,200 Romanian children and youth age fifteen to nineteen are living with HIV—the largest such group in any European country. The vast majority were infected with HIV between 1986 and 1991 as a direct result of government policies that exposed them to contaminated needles and “microtransfusions” of unscreened blood. Despite Romania’s progressive expansion of access to antiretroviral drugs, these children and youth face pervasive stigma and discrimination that often impedes their enjoyment of basic rights and services. …
Considering the fact that information on HIV/AIDS is a strategy for disease control, this project was planned to provide comprehensive information about HIV infection and AIDS to schoolteachers and their students. Previous analysis of adolescent students' knowledge of HIV/AIDS showed that they still have doubts about transmission, diagnosis, and treatment. Thus we provided them with dynamic educational activities on the subject. …
HIV prevention messaging has been shown to reduce or delay high-risk sexual behaviors in young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Since the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, a new generation of YMSM has come of age during an evolution in communication modalities. Because both these communication technologies and this new generation remain understudied, the authors investigated the manner in which YMSM interact with HIV prevention messaging. …
With improved access to treatment for people living with HIV many are now able to live longer. As a result there is growing interest in overall quality of life issues. In many countries attention is increasingly being drawn to the unique and often neglected needs of different sub-groups including young people. This exploratory qualitative study sought to examine the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs and concerns and barriers to accessing related services for adolescents aged 10 – 19 years living with HIV in Zambia.
This study tries to assess the level of comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS and the factors associated with it among in-school adolescents in eastern Ethiopia. The reason for this study is that there are more adolescents in school today, in Ethiopia, than ever before. This is a cross-sectional school-based study in which respondents were students attending regular school in 14 high schools located in 14 different districts of eastern Ethiopia. The proportion of in-school adolescents with comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge was computed and compared by sex. …
This study seeks to look at the influence of program-level and contextual determinants that pose a challenge to the uptake of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explore thes multilevel factors associated with "coverage in single dose nevirapine PMTCT programs." The study found that heterogeneity of nevirapine coverage between sites and programs was high- meaning that in these programs there was a high HIV prevalance, a higher proportion of persons with knowledge of PMTCT, and a lower percentage of rural population. …
This systematic review focuses on empirical work on disability and HIV/AIDS in Africa in the past decade and considers all the literature currently accessible. The review presents data from different surveys and summarizes the findings. In this way, it convincingly reveals that people with disabilities are very vulnerable to contracting HIV, and lack access to information, testing and treatment. The review further reveals gaps in the research and areas of concern. While vulnerability and accessibility have been investigated, there are few prevalence studies or evaluations available. …
In every world region, men who have sex with men (MSM) face significantly higher rates of HIV than the general population. Young people are also at increased risk for HIV, comprising over 40% of new HIV infections worldwide. Young MSM (YMSM) face the heightened risks of both populations, as well as a number of vulnerabilities that are unique to YMSM. Despite the clear need for intervention, YMSM are often left out of research, policy, and programs designed for general MSM, general youth, and the general population. …
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection, HIV risk factors, and exposure to national HIV prevention programs, and to identify factors associated with HIV infection among South African youth, aged 15–24 years. Design: A cross-sectional, nationally representative, household survey. Methods: From March to August 2003 we conducted a national survey of HIV prevalence and sexual behavior among 11 904 15–24 year olds. Multivariable models for HIV infection were restricted to sexually experienced youth. …
This report summarises a rapid review carried out by Interact Worldwide and funded by Countdown 2015 Europe. The review addresses the perception that, in the context of SRHR, all adolescents are equally ‘marginalised’ and ‘vulnerable’ due to their age. It explores how such a general assertion neglects the dramatically different situations and experiences of adolescents throughout the world: in reality, not all are equally ‘marginalised’ or ‘vulnerable’. The review asks Who are we failing and why? …
This regional issues brief was prepared for the Africa Regional Dialogue of the Global Commission on HIV and the Law which took place on 4 August 2011 in Pretoria, South Africa. The brief examines legal responses to children and HIV in Africa including: Prohibiting discrimination; Access to treatment; Access to sexual and reproductive rights; Access to HIV information and education; Access to harm reduction measures; Guardianship, property rights and social protection.
This article provides statistics which show how and why HIV prevalence among young people is falling. The article shows statistics in different regions and countries of the world where young people are living with HIV. Then, the article gives statistics about what kind of young people are at higher risk of HIV: sex workers, homosexuals, and injecting drug users. The article explains, through statistics, what is fueling the epidemic and what programs can work. …
As part of a global initiative to improve women’s access to HIV prevention and treatment services, ICRW implemented a research study to expand the evidence base on access to services for two key populations in India: female sex workers in Pune, Maharashtra and wives of migrant men in Ganjam, Orissa. The main objectives of the research study were to explore barriers to HIV services experienced by the study populations, and based on the findings, to identify entry points for improving HIV services among women in India more broadly.
In Uganda, HIV prevalence remains high with young people at higher risk of infection than adults. Much is known about the sexual risk factors for HIV transmission among youths, including sexual encounters that are coerced. On the other hand, relatively little is known about the barriers to preventing sexual coercion and what strategies may overcome those barriers with adolescents. …
Fulaas is one of our community based distributors. He’s also a volunteer. This film follows him as he dispenses family planning advice and contraceptives to villagers in Oromo, Ethiopia. Without Fulaas, and others like him, there would be very little access to contraception in rural Ethiopia. Development depends on getting the right supplies - contraceptives, condoms, medicines, and equipment – to the people who need them most. And that depends on our volunteers. They are part of the largest voluntary organization in sexual and reproductive health and rights. …
