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This publication provides a background in the risks faced by populations especially vulnerable to HIV and AIDS. The document outlines strategies effective in prevention of HIV and AIDS among sex workers, men who have sex with other men, and injecting drug users. Programs described include peer education, comprehensive health services and quality of treatment, provider referral networks, and in-service training and sensitization.
Theatre for a Change (TfaC) is a registered non-governmental organization in Ghana which works to reduce the risk of HIV infection among marginalized and vulnerable groups through the use of interactive, participatory learning techniques. The HIV prevalence rate in Ghana is 1.37% and 11.1% among female sex workers (FSWs). In September 2012, following a period of mobilisation, TfaC began working with a group of 10 FSWs living and working in Old Fadama, Accra’s largest illegal settlement, to form the Peace and Love Club. …
The high prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and pre-trial detainees, combined with overcrowding and sub-standard living conditions sometimes amounting to inhuman or degrading treatment in violation of international law, make prisons and other detention centres a high risk environment for the transmission of HIV. Ultimately, this contributes to HIV epidemics in the communities to which prisoners return upon their release. …
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection, HIV risk factors, and exposure to national HIV prevention programs, and to identify factors associated with HIV infection among South African youth, aged 15–24 years. Design: A cross-sectional, nationally representative, household survey. Methods: From March to August 2003 we conducted a national survey of HIV prevalence and sexual behavior among 11 904 15–24 year olds. Multivariable models for HIV infection were restricted to sexually experienced youth. …
Access to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Sub-Saharan Africa has rapidly expanded - from fewer than 10,000 people treated in 2000 to more than 8 million in 2011. To measure the impact of this expansion, it is necessary to identify the behavioral response of individuals to drug access. This paper combines geocoded information about the timing of introduction of ARVs in all Kenyan health facilities with two waves of geocoded population surveys to estimate the impact of proximity to an ARV provider on risky sexual behavior. …
Thirty years into combating the spread of HIV through behaviour change interventions experience has grown in the application of multiple approaches from one-for-one counseling and small group workshops, information sessions, and activities to large-scale rallies and mass media campaigns with reducing the spread of HIV. These approaches have been variously guided by best field practice and theoretical frameworks developed to understand health-related behaviours and behaviour change. …
Today HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges facing the world. The risk of getting the virus is particularly high for young injecting drug users, who are isolated, marginalized and often lack access to even basic prevention services. This publication focuses on reaching out to young drug users with information, services and structures that are appropriate to their needs and how civil society at large can contribute.
Theatre for a Change (TfaC) is a registered non-governmental organization in Malawi that works to reduce the risk of HIV infection among marginalized and vulnerable groups through the use of interactive, participatory learning techniques. In Malawi, the HIV prevalence rate of teachers is 23%; almost double the national rate of 12% (National AIDS Commission 2009). TfaC’s Teacher Training College (TTC) programme is a behaviour change intervention that works with trainee teachers in Teacher Training Colleges nationwide to reduce the high risk of HIV infection among teachers in Malawi.
The study was commissioned by UNESCO Bangkok and aims to increase understanding about the health-seeking behavior of MSM/TG women in Thailand, including perceptions of illness, sources of information on sexual health, types of health services accessed, and constraints and obstacles in accessing healthcare; and to evaluate whether existing sexual health services meet the needs of MSM and TG women in the current Thai context, and develop recommendations for community groups/organizations, policy-makers (in light of Thailand’s revised National AIDS strategy), health service providers and developi …
Between a quarter and a third of young women in sub-Saharan Africa are infected with HIV by the time they reach their early 20s. Structural factors such as poor education, poverty, and gender and power inequalities are important determinants of young women’s vulnerability to HIV infection. In The Lancet, Sarah Baird and colleagues report the results of a randomised controlled trial done with adolescent girls in rural Malawi, examining the effects of a cash transfer programme on risk of HIV infection. …
Child marriage violates girls’ human rights and adversely affects their health and well-being. While age at marriage is increasing in most regions of the developing world, early marriage persists for large populations. Worldwide, it is estimated that more than one out of three women aged 20–24 were married before age 18, and one out of seven were married before age 15. There is great variation in child marriage practices across and within regions and between ethnic and religious groups. Eradicating child marriage has long been on the agenda of the United Nations and of individual countries. …
The first cohort of trainee teachers who participated in the Teacher Training College (TTC) programme finished in August 2009. Theatre for a Change (TfaC) contracted independent consultants to carry out an impact assessment on the TTC programme to identify its strengths and weaknesses. TfaC will use this impact assessment to inform the programme’s development. This report assesses the programme’s impact by comparing the results of the baseline survey, conducted at the beginning of the programme in October 2008, with the results of the endline survey, conducted in August 2009. …
This impact assessment study aims to examine coverage of harm reduction interventions in Vietnam among injecting drug users and female sex workers from 2004-2009 and to understand the HIV transmission dynamics in Vietnam and to estimate the extent to which harm reduction interventions among core groups have contributed towards epidemiological trends and reduced HIV transmission in Vietnam during the 2004-2009 strategy.
L'éducation non formelle peut-elle être un moyen de lutte efficace contre la stigmatisation et la discrimination des personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA dans les localités de Koulikoro et de Banamba ? A cette interrogation se rattache une série de questions : Pourquoi les personnes vivant avec le VIH/SIDA souffrent-elles de stigmatisation et de discrimination ? Ce phénomène est-il spécifiquement lié au VIH/SIDA ou est-il le fait des rapports entre une collectivité et une minorité de la société ? …
Between your hands are the stories of several Egyptians who have suffered the stigma associated with living with HIV/AIDS. They are ordinary citizens who have lived among us, speaking about their emotional and psychological suffering - as if the infection was not sufficient agony in itself. Here we present people who have been exposed to daily to stigma and discrimination, be it by neighbors, friends, police officers, religious figures, or even doctors. They have become outcasts in their own society because of the prevailing stereotypes about people living with the virus. …
