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This publication addresses research questions related to an increase in the levels of access and utilization for four key interventions that have the potential to significantly reduce HIV infections among People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) and their sexual and injecting partners, and hence morbidity and mortality in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). These interventions are drawn from nine consensus interventions that comprise a 'comprehensive package' for PWID. …
This document is an executive summary of the synthesis report on HIV/AIDS and education in Eastern and Southern Africa, prepared for the African Development Forum in 2000. The report examines the way HIV/AIDS has impacted on the education sector in Eastern and Southern Africa, it also examines the adjustments the sector has made to the epidemic and the steps it has taken to slow down its transmission.
Background: We set out to estimate, for the three geographical regions with the highest HIV prevalence, (sub-Saharan Africa [SSA], the Caribbean and the Greater Mekong sub-region of East Asia), the human resource and economic impact of HIV on the supply of education from 2008 to 2015, the target date for the achievement of Education For All (EFA), contrasting the continuation of access to care, support and Antiretroviral therapy (ART) to the scenario of universal access. …
In many areas of the world where HIV prevalence is high, rates of unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion have also been shown to be high. Of all pregnancies worldwide in 2008, 41% were reported as unintended or unplanned, and approximately 50% of these ended in abortion. …
The study focuses on four key barriers to education, which are most prominent for children affected by HIV and AIDS, namely: HIV/AIDS-related illness of learners; Grief and trauma associated with illness and death of family/household members; Increased domestic responsibility (and exploitation through child labour) for children affected by AIDS; HIV- and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination.
As the HIV epidemic matures, survival of children with perinatally acquired HIV infection into adolescence is increasingly being documented in sub-Saharan African countries. In addition, the burden of HIV in the adolescent patient population in the region is also due to sexual transmission, with adolescents and young adults being particularly vulnerable to this mode of infection. HIV care and treatment services in the region need to adapt to adequately meet the specific needs of this expanding disease burden among adolescents. …
Background: Although HIV/AIDS is affecting most productive segments of the population, the basic education sector which is vital to the creation of human capital is also equally affected. The loss of skilled and experienced teachers due to the problem is increasingly compromising the provision of quality education in most African countries and thus, needs appropriate intervention measures that reverse the current trend. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and determining factors of VCT uptake among teachers of Harari Administrative Region. …
Following the consensus on provincial, regional, and national HIV prevalence rates reached at the meeting of 6 September 2001, the Technical Group proceeded to update projections of the Demographic Impact of HIV/AIDS in Mozambique that were originally based on the 1998 epidemiological surveillance round. The objective of the present document is to disseminate the updated results of the Demographic Impact of HIV/AIDS in Mozambique, based on the HIV rates from the 2000 epidemiological surveillance round. …
The UNICEF South Africa Annual Report 2007 highlights UNICEF's work in South Africa. It summarizes some of the important results achieved for children in 2007 and highlights what still needs to be done.
The study described in this paper takes a participatory and positive approach to improving adolescent reproductive health in a rural and urban community in Nepal. It shows that adolescent girls in these communities have dreams and aspirations for a better future and that adults acknowledge and support these ideals. However, social norms and institutions are restrictive, especially for girls, who are often unable to realise their hopes for continuing education, finding better-paid work or delaying marriage and childbearing, and this directly impacts reproductive outcomes. …
After describing the international consensus reached in Beijing about empowering women and ending gender inequality, and defining key human rights concepts, the report examines key issues related to reproductive health and rights that affect women throughout their lives. Topics covered include: Early life chances, The mutual relationship between reproductive health and education, Adolescence and the transition to adulthood, Marriage and the family, Labour force participation and employment, Reproductive health and violence and Issues affecting the health of older women
The long-term economic impacts of the AIDS epidemic on orphans have been major concerns in countries hit by the epidemic. Responding to these concerns, previous studies have investigated the schooling of orphans. Yet, few studies have investigated the impacts of orphan status into adulthood. Therefore, this paper examines the education attainment and land inheritance of former orphans, who have lost at least one parent before reaching 15, by using a survey of 889 households in Kenya in 2004. …
This study was motivated by concerns that teachers are an important national resource yet have been overlooked by workplace HIV and AIDS programs. Study findings show that teachers are in need of teacher-centered programs that provide education and services related to HIV prevention, care and support, and stigma reduction.
The HIV/AIDS epidemic is expected to have a catastrophic impact on teachers in sub-Saharan Africa. It is also widely asserted that teachers themselves are a relatively high-risk group with respect to HIV infection. This note presents the most recent information that is available on HIV prevalence and mortality rates among teachers in ten countries, which are among the most seriously affected by the epidemic, namely South Africa, Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia.
This paper presents unique evidence that orphanhood matters in the long-run for health and education outcomes, in a region of Northwestern Tanzania, an area deeply affected by HIV-AIDS in Africa. We use a sample of non-orphans surveyed in 1991-94, who were traced and reinterviewed in 2004. A large proportion, 23 percent, lost one or more parents before the age of 15 in this period, allowing us to identify the impact of orphanhood shocks. Since a substantial proportion reaches adulthood by 2004, we can also assess permanent health and education impacts of orphanhood. …
