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Ghana has been widely acknowledged as one of sub-Saharan Africa’s ‘rising stars’ during the era of the Millennium Development Goals, and has made substantial progress in improving access to health care and education over the past two decades. However, a step change is now needed to ‘reach the furthest behind first’, as committed in Agenda 2030, if Ghana is to leave no one behind in its progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals. …
This paper presents an overview of the socio-economic situation of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, transgender and intersex people (LGBTI), primarily in OECD countries. After investigating the size of this population, the paper zooms in on attitudes toward LGBTI, LGBTI rights and perceived discrimination among LGBTI. It goes on to discuss the empirical strategies used to identify whether LGBTI fare worse than non-LGBTI and provides a systematic review of survey-based and experimental evidence on such an “LGBTI penalty” and its causes. This exploration points to substantial hurdles for LGBTI. …
In an unprecedented move to eradicate disease, poverty and hunger, world leaders joined together in 2000 to sign into life the hotly contested but broadly agreed upon Millennium Development Goal (MDG) framework. In 2015, as the MDGs come to an end, a new generation of world leaders – government officials, donors and civil society organisations – have joined forces to articulate their vision for a future where all people can contribute to, and benefit from, an inclusive development framework. …
Children and youth affected by HIV/AIDS face many stressors and competing priorities regarding family, health, education, protection and economic stability. The policy environment created by the Dakar Framework for Action–Education for All created an entry point for governments to respond to the educational needs of orphans and vulnerable children based on locally driven context. The international community has made financial and programming resources available to support education for orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS at the country level. …
This paper engages in the debate on the effects of children’s health on their education in later life stages in low- and middle-income countries. Using three rounds from the rich panel data of the Young Lives study in Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam, it endorses a multidimensional approach to health (and poverty in general). …
This paper argues that many internationally financed literacy programs do not sufficiently take into consideration important daily life issues of the learners, including nutritional deficiencies that may hinder learning, or of children–parent–society interactions that may improve learning. As a result, many programs have become synonymous with increased supply of a low-quality education. …
This paper seeks to identify which HIV-specific issues are of relevance to child protection programming, and vice versa. …
A third of sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) population comprises persons aged 10–24 years. These youth are growing up in a context marked by pervasive poverty, limited educational opportunities, high HIV/AIDS prevalence, widespread conflict, and weak social controls. Published research on the broad issues that affect youth health and wellbeing in SSA is limited and centers heavily on sexual and reproductive health. …
This book gives a comprehensive view about threats of HIV/AIDS. The global, regional and national scenario as well we the impact of this disease, on socio economic development is explained in detail. It also throws light on the important role and the challenges being faced by education sector for prevention from the epidemic.
The relationship between economic inequality and HIV infection among young Malawian women is estimated with multi-level logit models of the individual probability of being infected. Two community levels are considered: the immediate neighbourhood, and Malawi's districts. We find a strong positive association between communal inequality and the risk of HIV infection. The relationship between economic status and HIV status, at communal and individual levels, is less clear-cut, but individual absolute poverty does not increase the risk of HIV infection. …
The public health and development communities understand clearly the need to integrate anti-poverty efforts with HIV/AIDS programs. This article reports findings about the impact of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) process on Malawi's National HIV/AIDS Strategic Framework (NSF). How does the PRSP process support NSF accountability, participation, access to information, funding, resource planning and allocation, monitoring, and evaluation? …
The report examines issues related to early marriage and offers policy and programmatic recommendations to end practice, which is widespread despite laws and agreements forbidding it.
The document summarizes priority areas for WHO action based on global evidence. Improving the health and development of children and adolescents means that WHO will need to shape its implementation of the strategy to the epidemiological needs of specific regions and countries. The strategy document proposes a flexible, country-specific approach that reflects and respects differences in epidemiology. In addition, it outlines a strategic framework that is based on equity, the life course, and a public health approach. It defines principles to guide the implementation. …
The training manual was developed within the framework of the regional dimension project "Gender Equity and Reproductive Health and Rights in Asia," coordinated by the Italian Association for Women in Development (AIDOS), under the EC/UNFPA Initiative for Reproductive Health in Asia (RHI). The ultimate aim of this manual is to assist people to develop programmes and projects that promote gender equity and human rights. The manual has been developed to skilled trainers in participatory adult learning methods and for those who are able to facilitate group learning. …
The document contains the commitments that were part of the Special Session on Children: the Millennium Development Goals, early pledged to by all 189 United Nations Member States; the Children's statement, 'A World Fit for Us', delivered at the opening plenary of the Special Session by two young delegates; the consensus outcome documents of the General Assembly, 'A World Fit for Children', with goals and targets to be met; and the Convention on the Rights of the Child, ratified, acceded to a signed by 192 countries in the 12 years since it was first ratified, and the two Optional Protocols t …
