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Background: Effective and scalable HIV prevention for adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa is needed. Cash transfers can reduce HIV incidence through reducing risk behaviours. However, questions remain about their effectiveness within national poverty-alleviation programmes, and their effects on different behaviours in boys and girls. Methods: In this case-control study, we interviewed South African adolescents (aged 10–18 years) between 2009 and 2012. …
This report aims to guide governments, NGOs and others working to improve data collection and analysis on households affected by AIDS. It identifies the limits of existing data and suggests how this may be further analysed to produce better information and what future surveys might include.
This study provides an overview of the situation of children and families affected by HIV/AIDS, and of other vulnerable children. Its purpose is to assist the Government, civil society organisations and development partners in the development of policies and programmes for on-going support, and in the monitoring of community-based assistance to families and children affected by HIV/AIDS. The study is a joint project of the Department for Community Development and the National AIDS Council, supported by civil society organisations and UNICEF.
This study examines the association between wealth and HIV serostatus to identify what specific characteristics and behaviors of the wealthier are associated with HIV infection, and to what extent confounding factors such as place of residence and other risk factors mediate this association. This study finds that, contrary to evidence for other infectious diseases and theoretical expectations, in sub-Saharan Africa HIV prevalence is not disproportionately higher among adults living in poorer households. …
This Report discusses the state of human development in Lesotho at the turn of this new millennium. Almost seven years into this century, Lesotho has been faced with a combination of problems that do not seem to be amenable to easy solution, and that threaten to hold back, even reverse, its socio -economic progress. The nexus of the mutually reinforcing effects of chronic poverty, inequality and food insecurity is being compounded by the impact of the pervasive and growing HIV epidemic.
Currently, most effective responses to HIV/AIDS have been community and national driven. Now it has become apparent that people play a key role as individuals and as members of social systems such as families in effectively responding to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. As such the Report will focus on enhancing the capacity of households to fight HIV/AIDS at the household level. …
The Regional Strategic Framework for the Protection, Care and Support of Children Affected by HIV/AIDS provides guidance to the eight member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) on a consistent approach across South Asia to the protection, care and support of children affected by HIV/AIDS. The regional framework promotes a universal approach to ensure children affected by HIV/AIDS have access to the same public and social support systems which are available to other children, rather than being separated or singled out. …
Chapter in: Fifth Asian and Pacific Population Conference Selected Papers.
The rapid increase in adult mortality due to the AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa raises great concern about potential intergenerational effects on children. This article estimates the impact of AIDS-related adult mortality on primary school attendance in rural Kenya using a panel of 1,266 households surveyed in 1997, 2000, and 2002. The paper distinguishes between effects on boys' and girls' education to understand potential gender differences resulting from adult mortality. We also estimate how adult mortality affects child schooling before as well as after the death occurs. …
"Who cares?" looks at the levels of HIV/AIDS commitment and care - in the international community, in Africa and inSouth Africa. It askes the question "Who cares?" both in the sense of how we should think about care and commitment, and whether - beyond the rhetoric - we care at all."Who cares?" is largely a reflective document - one that will stir discussion, challenge and response.
This paper justifies and explores the results of a social demand survey for primary school enrolment in Tanzania. This records and analyses the evidence derived from a structured household-based survey in rural and urban school catchments in two regions of the country (Iringa and Dodoma) with children and their guardians which explores the social demand for primary schooling, especially in relation to household poverty indices and changing labour in households affected by prolonged illness and death. …
The common presumption that orphans are less likely to attend school than non-orphans is re-examined using survey data from two regions in Tanzania. It is argued that orphans should not be compared simply with non-orphans since there are other vulnerable groups of children. Further, with particular reference to place of residence, it is argued that orphans should not be viewed as a homogeneous group. …
This paper examines and questions the predictions found in the academic and policy literature of social breakdown in Southern Africa in the wake of anticipated high rates of orphanhood caused by the AIDS epidemic. Analysis of the logic underlying these predictions reveals four causal relationships necessary to fulfil such dramatic and apocalyptic predictions:1. High AIDS mortality rates will produce high numbers of orphans.2. These orphans will become children who do not live in appropriate social environments to equip them for adult citizenship.3. …
Using eleven nationally representative surveys conducted between 1993 and 2005 this paper assesses the extent to which the vulnerability of orphans to poorer educational outcomes has changed over time as the AIDS crisis deepens in South Africa. This paper seeks to establish whether the fear that extended families are no longer effective safety nets may be overstated or whether traditional coping strategies are indeed breaking down. Patterns of care giving for orphans do appear to be shifting over time but these changes are taking place within the extended family safety net. …
This report details the available data on HIV/AIDS in Central and Eastern Europe and the CIS. It explains the causes of the epidemic in this region and offers policy options to halt the spread of the disease. …
