The 2015-16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) is the first Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted in Myanmar. The primary objective of the 2015-16 MDHS project is to provide up-to-date estimates of basic demographic and health indicators. Specifically, the MDHS collected information on fertility levels, marriage, fertility preferences, awareness and use of family planning methods, breastfeeding practices, nutrition, maternal and child health and mortality, awareness and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and other health-related issues such as smoking and knowledge of tuberculosis. As the 2015-16 MDHS is the first DHS survey in the country, trend analysis is not carried out in this report. The information collected through the MDHS is intended to assist policymakers and program managers in designing and evaluating programs and strategies for improving the health of the country’s population.