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Cross-sectional studies have shown that intimate partner violence and gender inequity in relationships are associated with increased prevalence of HIV in women. Yet temporal sequence and causality have been questioned, and few HIV prevention programmes address these issues. The article assessed whether intimate partner violence and relationship power inequity increase risk of incident HIV infection in South African women. …
This paper reviews the literature on the socio-economic consequences of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, looking specifically at the interaction of HIV/AIDS with poverty and inequality at a household or micro level, and with economic growth at a macro level, highlighting findings from the most important studies, as well as recent original research. Its second part identifies important gaps in existing research and suggests how future research agendas may be developed. …
HIV in the Middle East is a short article written by C. Makhlouf Obermeyer from the Department of HIV/AIDS of the WHO in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2006. It summarizes what is known about the HIV epidemic in the Middle East and north Africa region and examines the extent to which lower prevalence can be attributed to cultural factors, particularly those related to the practice of Islam and gender. …
After more than twenty years of programming and activism aimed at stemming the sexual transmission of HIV (and addressing the needs of those most vulnerable to infection) the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues to grow worldwide. Taking up this concern, this paper argues that one of the reasons why HIV prevention has had limited success is because of inadequate conceptualization of human sexuality in such work. …
Start with a Girl: A New Agenda for Global Health sheds light on the realities of girls' health and wellbeing in developing countries, on the links between the health of girls and the prospects for their families, and on the specific actions that will improve health prospects for millions. This report describes the most prevalent and serious health problems adolescent girls face in developing countries, linking them to a combination of specific public-health risks and social determinants of health. …
El presente documento ha sido elaborado como uno de los insumos claves para el proceso de discusión que guiará la construcción de la Estrategia Nacional para la Infancia y la Adolescencia 2010-2030 (ENIA). En su primera parte desarrolla la tesis que advierte la existencia de una estrecha relación entre el cumplimiento y la expansión de los Derechos Humanos (civiles, políticos, económicos, sociales y culturales) y el logro de un desarrollo sostenido. …
Esta publicación brinda datos estadísticos aportados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística, estudios enfocados hacia la realidad de las personas afrodescendientes de Uruguay y la legislación aplicable ante casos de discriminación, a nivel nacional como de convenios internacionales suscritos por este país. Describe la situación desventajosa de este grupo respecto a educación y empleo, además de la pobreza, marginación, desigualdades económicas y la exclusión social a las que está expuesto.
The stereotyping of men and women reinforces unequal sexual practice; a vision of women as weak, innocent, passive and submissive while men are strong, virile, possessive and authoritative is conducive to rape and violence. The role of superstitious beliefs is an important factor; these generally take from women in various ways their right of choice and power of decision over their bodies.The special problems of living with HIV occur in all societies; the responsibility for honesty in sexual relations and proper care of sufferers. …
The public health and international development communities have known for nearly two decades that gender - the way in which societies define acceptable roles, responsibilities, and behaviors of women and men - strongly influences how HIV spreads and how people respond to the epidemic. Because of the interrelated factors that contribute to HIV infection, there is growing recognition that using multiple approaches in HIV and AIDS programming is more effective than single strategies. …
The report shows that HIV and AIDS has varied and far reaching socio-economic impacts to the persons infected and affected and to the economy in general. These effects cannot be ignored in any of the sectors and the economy as a whole, if national and millennium development goals are to be achieved. HIV and AIDS has the greatest effect on people in their prime years of economic productivity, and is uniquely devastating as it increases poverty and reverses human development achievements. …
VIH et SIDA, Droits Fondamentaux pour Tous est une brochure éditée par le HCR en 2006. Il s'agit d'une petite bande dessinée qui s'adresse aux personnes déplacées et particulièrement vulnérables que sont les réfugiés et les rapatriés. Il vise a promouvoir un environnement accueillant et sans discrimination pour les réfugiés et les rapatriés. Souvent accusés à tort de véhiculer le VIH et d'autres maladies, la brochure aborde ainsi diverses situations auxquelles les réfugiés peuvent être confrontés dans leur pays d'accueil comme l'exclusion, la discrimination ou l'exploitation sexuelle. …
The document is an article called "Evaluating the need for sex education in developing countries: sexual behaviour, knowledge of preventing sexually transmitted infections/HIV and unplanned pregnancy" and published in the review "Sex education" in November 2005. It was written by Susheela Singh, Akinrinola Bankole and Vanessa Woog. …
Visibilidad y participación social de las homosexualidades en Chile: la emergencia de una esfera pública subalterna
This thematic study is about the link between health, social issues and secondary education. The study is based on country studies in six Sub Saharan Africa countries (Eritrea, Mali, Namibia, Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania) and a literature review. It looks at the role of secondary education and training in promoting health, civics and life skills among the African youth. …
Current trends of HIV transmission and prevalence clearly show that the epidemic is fuelled by gender-based vulnerabilities. Close to 60 per cent of adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa are women, and almost 75 per cent of young people living with HIV in southern Africa are female. It is also clear that issues of gender need to be mainstreamed into attempts to curb the further spread of the epidemic. Research on the gender dimensions of HIV/AIDS needs to be augmented. New and existing research must be integrated into policy. …
