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Introduction: The HIV pandemic disproportionately impacts young women. Worldwide, young women aged 15–24 are infected with HIV at rates twice that of young men, and young women alone account for nearly a quarter of all new HIV infections. The incommensurate HIV incidence in young – often poor – women underscores how social and economic inequalities shape the HIV epidemic. Confluent social forces, including political and gender violence, poverty, racism, and sexism impede equal access to therapies and effective care, but most of all constrain the agency of women. …
This research examined demographic, personal, family and school variables related to adolescents’ sexual behaviour and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS infected people. This research was also designed to understand the cognitive and emotional bases of the sexual decisions made by adolescents. Preventive research must explore how young people understand, manage and explore their sexuality, risk and relationships.
The Third National Multi-Sectoral Strategic Framework for Mainland Tanzania 2013/14-17/18 (NMSF III) provides a common understanding for all HIV and AIDS stakeholders and reflects current normative guidance in the national response effort. Development of the NMSF III has incorporated the evaluations of the previous NMSF II (2008-2012) and recent epidemiological analyses of HIV in Tanzania. …
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is perceived as a major contributor to HIV transmission in Swaziland. This exploratory study aimed to develop a culturally-specific understanding of men's perspectives of IPV. Focus group methods were used to gather information from 45 young urban Swazi men who had undergone medical male circumcision. A thematic analysis was conducted focussing on the manifestations of IPV and socio-cultural and economic factors which underpin, circumstances which trigger and social responses to IPV. …
This discussion paper, generated by the United Nations in Viet Nam, examines the current state of intimate partners' relationships (IPT) in Viet Nam, its causes, and the historical and social context of sexuality in Viet Nam - biological drives as well as sexual norms, behaviours and practices. It also addresses avenues for preventing IPT through increased research, policy development and programme action by the Government and other stakeholders. …
The purpose of this epidemic, response and policy synthesis is to provide an overall analysis of the HIV epidemic and response in Zambia by drawing together, triangulating and reconciling various and different data sources in order to make recommendations as to how the response could be improved. …
The authors used the standard Modes of Transmission methodology as described in the UNAIDS/GAMET guidelines. They consulted recent reviews of the epidemiology of HIV in Uganda and reviewed recent available data, applied the UNAIDS incidence model to predict the distribution of new infections, used the MoT prevention review tool to describe the current prevention policies and programs and reviewed the current allocation of resources for HIV prevention. …
NERCHA (National Emergency Response Council on HIV/AIDS), MOHSW (Ministry of Health and Social Welfare), UNAIDS and GAMET/World Bank are collaborating in a capacity development process to support an evidence based review of Swaziland's epidemiological situation (Know Your Epidemic, KYE) and the national HIV prevention response (Know Your Response, KYR). The process for the KYE was an in-depth review of available epidemiological data from Swaziland and the sub-region, and application of the UNAIDS incidence estimation model. …
For the study in Kenya, (similar studies in Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Uganda, and Zambia) HIV epidemiological data and incidence modelling data (from the UNAIDS Modes of Transmission Model) were analysed together to obtain an epidemiological synthesis (Know Your Epidemic, KYE synthesis), while the HIV prevention review and resources data were analysed together to obtain an HIV response synthesis or "Know Your Response" (KYR) synthesis. …
This is an evidence-based review of Lesotho's epidemiological situation (Know your epidemic, KYE) and national HIV prevention response (Know your response, KYR). The purpose of this modes of transmission (MoT) study is to contribute to the ongoing efforts to understand the epidemic and response in Lesotho and thus help the country improve the scope (doing the right kind of activities), relevance (with the right populations) and comprehensiveness (reaching all members of target populations) of HIV prevention efforts. …
The existing HIV prevention programme, based on the abstinence, being faithful to one sexual partner, and consistent and correct use of condoms (ABC) model, has resulted in a number of positive developments. However, some challenges remain. The intent of the HIV prevention strategy is four fold: Identify the key drivers of the epidemic; Outline current prevention efforts, scope, effectiveness and coverage; Describe existing gaps and challenges; and, Offer recommendations on the key priority areas for HIV prevention. …
Demonstrating the impact HIV has on security, the ASCI report outlines how security crises and security institutions can influence HIV incidence. Importantly, the study indicates that with good policy and appropriate programmes, challenges can be overcome. It recommends 10 ways in which efforts towards peacekeeping, peacebuilding and humanitarian response can integrate HIV issues.
This document is the second volume in a series of eight "question and answer" booklets developed in Kyrgyzstan by UNICEF and the GTZ. Similar booklets have been initially developed by GTZ in Tanzania and then adapted to different countries. The present series consists of an adaptation to the needs and cultural context of Kyrgyzstan, based on a survey realized among Kyrgyz adolescents. It is designed to provide young people with the necessary knowledge to make healthy choices for themselves and their peers. …
