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This paper discusses the application of an information, motivation and behavioural skills (IMB) model in a school-based programme for the reduction of HIV risk behaviour among 259 Grade 11 learners in two high schools in Alexandra township, Johannesburg. School 1 was the Experimental group, while School 2 was the Control group. After a baseline study (Time 1) at both schools, a 3-week intervention programme was conducted at School 1. A post-test (Time 2) was conducted at both schools. The intervention was repeated at School 2, followed by another post-test (Time 3) at both schools. …
The authors assess the impact on teenage childbearing as well as student knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of a typical HIV/AIDS teacher training program in the Cameroon. Applying a regression discontinuity design identification strategy based on the key administrative criterion that determined program deployment, they find that 15–17 year old girls in teacher training schools are between 7 and 10 percentage points less likely to have started childbearing, an objective proxy for the incidence of unprotected sex. …
This paper estimates the association between HIV knowledge and risky sexual behavior in India. Using data from the third wave of the national demographic survey, the authors find that better HIV related knowledge does not always promote safer sexual practices. While, better HIV knowledge increases the likelihood of condom use, it also increases the likelihood of pre-marital sex, and reduces the likelihood of abstinence. These effects are much stronger for males when compared to females. …
There is growing recognition that primary prevention, including behavior change, must be central in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The earlier successes in Thailand and Uganda may not be fully relevant to the severely affected countries of southern Africa. We conducted an extensive multi-disciplinary synthesis of the available data on the causes of the remarkable HIV decline that has occurred in Zimbabwe (29% estimated adult prevalence in 1997 to 16% in 2007), in the context of severe social, political, and economic disruption. …
This book is designed to help in-school students learn about the health risks involved in pre-marital sex and to improve their life skills. The material is presented in story form, in hopes that young people will identify with the characters. The topics and concepts of this booklet were drawn from studies conducted with youth in Kogi and Cross River states of Nigeria. The issues highlighted revolve around young people's ability to abstain or delay pre-marital sex in order to reduce their risk of HIV infection. …
This study investigated how HIV/sexually transmitted infection peer education (PE) affected HIV knowledge, perceived prevention self-efficacy, and risky sexual behaviors among Turkish university students (N = 118) who were sexually active but did not use condoms. A methodological and pre-/posttest controlled study design was used, with data collected before PE, just after PE, 3 months after PE, and 6 months after PE. …
This paper presents findings of a feasibility study to adapt and evaluate the impact of an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention on sexual risk behaviors of in-school 6th grade youth in post-conflict Liberia (n = 812). The study used an attention-matched, group randomized controlled trial. Four matched pairs of elementary/middle schools in Monrovia, Liberia, were randomly assigned to either an adapted eight-module HIV prevention or a general health curriculum. Three- and nine-month impacts of the intervention on sexual risk behaviors and on mediating variables are presented. …
The aims of the study were to elicit the perceptions of young people in Tanzania on the role of fear appeals in HIV-prevention messages and to identify important contextual factors that may influence young people's perceptions of HIV-prevention posters. A total of 10 focus groups were conducted to investigate the role of fear appeals using the extended parallel process model (EPPM) as a guide. …
Unsafe injection practices can lead to HIV and HCV transmission as well as other bacterial and viral infections. Vancouver established North America's first supervised injection facility (SIF) to address such harms among injecting drug users (IDU). This study looks at their experiences receiving safer injecting education within the SIF. Through semi-structured, qualitative interviews, the experiences of 50 IDU were collected. Their testimonies indicate that gaps in knowledge exist among local IDU, often leading to unsafe injecting. …
Peer education has long been used to promote HIV awareness and reduce risk. However, little has been written about its use in refugee settings. This study aimed to assess whether refugee peer education could improve HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices among Guinean refugees. The study also assessed whether gender, age or formal education were more strongly associated to improved HIV outcomes than peer education. Data was collected through a cross-sectional survey of 889 men and women in 23 camps throughout the Forest Region, Guinea. …
Adolescent girls imprisoned in state reformatories were recruited (N=246) to an 18-month health education or HIV prevention program. A randomized block design was used to assign girls to one of the two programs. Girls in the HIV prevention program had improved risk reduction and condom use skills. At 9 months of follow-up, girls in both groups reported less sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs and less unprotected sex.
A brief review of HIV behavioral epidemiology is provided. Factors influencing HIV risk taking and risk reduction and their implications for prevention are discussed. Factors common to HIV interventions with evidence of reduced risk taking behavior are reviewed. …
This publication is offered as a resource for programme staff in organisations that work with babies and young children, or their parents or caregivers, in the context of HIV and Aids, poverty and conflict. It is not intended for direct presentation to grassroots community workers, parents or caregivers.It can be used to develop programmes, training or action sheets for local needs. The material contained in this publication can be used as a set of principles or guidelines.
This paper's focuses on areas of relatively poorly addressed or understood aspects of young people's sexual and reproductive health. The authors propose to argue for the need to supplement our knowledge and programmatic interventions with regard to three specific issues related to young people's lives that need attention: (a) an overlooked sub-population of married adolescent girls; (b) an overlooked behavior of sex without consent; (c) programmatic interventions that work (or do not) in enhancing young people's health and development.
Since the year 2000, the German Development Service (DED) has increased its engagement to combat HIV and AIDS through supporting a multisectoral approach in the hardest hit countries in sub-Sahara Africa. 90% of the Kenyan population lack financial resources and local access to adequate Reproductive Health services. This report gives an overview of this situation and analyzes the impact of HIV and AIDS on the public and private sector.áá
