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1. Ignorance Only - HIV/AIDS, Human rights and Federally funded Abstinence-only programs in the United States. Texas: A Case Study

   There is no vaccine to prevent HIV/AIDS, and the best treatment does not constitute a cure. U.S. government institutions responsible for setting public health standards have therefore repeatedly and strongly urged that providing complete and accurate information to adolescents about HIV/AIDS prevention, including the proper use of condoms as a means to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, be an important part of the government's prevention efforts. …

2. Increased sexual abstinence among in-school adolescents as a result of school health education in Soroti district, Uganda

   A health education program conducted in primary schools in Soroti district, Uganda promoted increased access to information, better peer interactions and better quality of the health education system. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students in their final year of primary school (average age 14 years) at baseline and two years after introduction of the intervention. The percentage of sexually active students decreased from 42.9% (123 out of 287) to 11.1% (31 out of 280) in the intervention arm, while no changes were observed in the control arm. …

3. Sex Education and AIDS Education in the Schools: What States and Large School Districts Are Doing

   In the majority of states, sex education is mandatory or strongly recommended in public schools. Forty-eight states and most of the large school districts across the country support sex education, including about STIs and abstinence. Fewer districts and states make education on pregnancy prevention mandatory. Larger school districts cover a broader range of sex-related topics, especially related to preventing pregnancy, than state curricula. Such districts also provide greater support to instructors through curricula provision, training and other activities, than do states. …

4. Sexually Active Adolescents have Less Knowledge and Less Fear of HIV than their Abstinent Peers

   A study in four districts of Rhode Island (USA) of 1,379 junior high school students (average age 13.2 years) found that sexually active boys were less knowledgeable about HIV, less tolerant of people living with AIDS, less fearful of contraction of HIV and more likely to undertake risky behavior, than those who were not sexually active. The same pattern, although less extreme, is found among girls in the sample. …