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A third of sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) population comprises persons aged 10–24 years. These youth are growing up in a context marked by pervasive poverty, limited educational opportunities, high HIV/AIDS prevalence, widespread conflict, and weak social controls. Published research on the broad issues that affect youth health and wellbeing in SSA is limited and centers heavily on sexual and reproductive health. …
This article discusses the effect that the WHO guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV has had on South Africa. South Africa initiated its PMTCT programme in 2002, however political support for it has increased since 2008. Since then the proportion of HIV-exposed infants who underwent PCR tests to detected early HIV transmission has increased, and the estimated HIV transmission rate has decreased. …
The AIDS Legal Network (ALN), in collaboration with Her Rights Initiative (HRI), South Africa Positive Women Ambassadors (SAPWA), South Africa Partners, and the Mitchell’s Plain Network Opposing Abuse, engaged in a study to assess perceptions and experiences of violence and other rights abuses against women living with HIV. …
This report summarises a rapid review carried out by Interact Worldwide and funded by Countdown 2015 Europe. The review addresses the perception that, in the context of SRHR, all adolescents are equally ‘marginalised’ and ‘vulnerable’ due to their age. It explores how such a general assertion neglects the dramatically different situations and experiences of adolescents throughout the world: in reality, not all are equally ‘marginalised’ or ‘vulnerable’. The review asks Who are we failing and why? …
The purpose of this resource is to: document and share programming and advocacy experience from across the Asia-Pacific region that can guide programming and advocacy efforts to respond effectively to HIV in the context of sex work; provide detailed case studies that illustrate the ways in which programmes and advocacy interventions were designed and delivered to address various elements of a comprehensive response; identify lessons learned, gaps and challenges and key considerations for strengthening and scaling up comprehensive and effective responses in the region. …
Today HIV/AIDS is one of the biggest challenges facing the world. The risk of getting the virus is particularly high for young injecting drug users, who are isolated, marginalized and often lack access to even basic prevention services. This publication focuses on reaching out to young drug users with information, services and structures that are appropriate to their needs and how civil society at large can contribute.
Malawi is among the 10 countries in the world with the highest HIV prevalence rate, estimated at 12%. Among occupational groups, teachers in Malawi are especially at risk. Their HIV prevalence rate is 23%, almost double the national rate (National AIDS Commission 2009). However, when trainee teachers enter into Teacher Training Colleges (TTCs) their estimated HIV prevalence rate is under 3%. Theatre for a Change (TfaC)has identified TTCs as an ideal environment to work with this vulnerable population before they encounter situations that will put them at risk of HIV infection. …
Theatre for a Change (TfaC) is a registered non-governmental organization in Malawi that works to reduce the risk of HIV infection among marginalized and vulnerable groups through the use of interactive, participatory learning techniques. In Malawi, the HIV prevalence rate of teachers is 23%; almost double the national rate of 12% (National AIDS Commission 2009). TfaC’s Teacher Training College (TTC) programme is a behaviour change intervention that works with trainee teachers in Teacher Training Colleges nationwide to reduce the high risk of HIV infection among teachers in Malawi.
This publication provides guidance to governments, international organizations, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and other members of civil society in monitoring and evaluating (M&E;) HIV prevention programmes for most-at-risk populations. It is designed primarily for programme managers and others involved in planning and implementing M&E; of programmes and projects for most-at-risk populations at both national and subnational levels. This framework includes methods and tools that can be applied at the national, and perhaps more appropriately, at the subnational level. …
This is a research article on a study that conducted a process for identifying priorities in adolescent sexual and repoductive health in low- and middle- income countries. The authors obtained input from nearly 300 researchers on three tasks: to (1) rank outcome areas in order of importance; (ii) formulate research questions within each area, and (iii) rank the formulated questions. …
This study documents a school district’s coordinated response to an elementary student’s social transition from a gender variant boy to a female gender expression. Data were gathered through analysis of journal entries, lesson plans, and interviews with the child, guardian, and district personnel. Stakeholders reported a favorable outlook on the transition, particularly in the areas of classroom and school interventions, peer involvement, and maintaining safety for all. The greatest concerns related to communication and language. …
Youth with invisible challenges constitute a special area of concern for child and youth care workers. Youth struggling with gender and sexual orientation are reported to comprise ten percent of our youth population yet they may often be unknown to teachers and other school personnel. These adolescents face unique challenges in developing their identity and gaining social acceptance. This paper explores the challenges faced by these youth, the consequences of underserving this population and proposes some strategies for improving their educational experience.
The nature of public schooling, particularly at the early and middle childhood levels, makes designing critical qualitative studies around gay and lesbian issues in the school context problematic at best. This article provides a retrospective dialogue between an associate professor and her then Ph.D. candidate advisee that reflects on the tension created as they negotiated through the pitfalls and problems inherent in developing a workable proposal for a gay/lesbian school-based study. …
This paper explores the most cost-effective approaches to AIDS interventions in countries with low and concentrated epidemics. These epidemics are traditionally driven by populations that are classified as "Most at Risk". The populations that make up this group are sex workers, men who have sex with men and intervenous drug users. These groups are heavily marginalized, and governments are often reluctant to allocate resources to programs that target these groups. …
The Ghana Most At Risk Population strategy 2011-2015 has been developed to provide a framework for the implementation of a comprehensive package of services designed specifically to reach four MARP subgroups, Female Sex Workers (FSW), Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), Injecting Drug Users (PWID) and Prisoners. The goal of the strategy is to reach 80% of all identified MARP by 2015 with a comprehensive package of HIV prevention, protection, treatment, care and support service that is evidence based, accessible and acceptable to the specific groups. …
