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Education, HIV and gender equality are deeply inter related aspects of personal and global development. This booklet presents new thinking and emerging research alongside a series of case studies and examples of new and time-tested programmes on the issues of gender equality, HIV and education and the interrelation between them. It includes discussion papers, which explore issues and emerging evidence in greater depth, as well as case study examples of programmes and interventions from a range of countries. …
Peer-led programmes on AIDS prevention have shown a good level of effectiveness when tested among high-risk populations. This study compared peer-led and teacher-led methods of education about HIV/AIDS among female high-school students in Yazd city, Islamic Republic of Iran. In 2009 students in 3 high schools were trained by their classmates (peer-led), by the research team (teacher-led) or had no education (controls); 180 students completed a specially designed questionnaire based on the health belief model, before and after the intervention. …
Behaviour Change Communication is an effective tool for ensuring improved sexual and reproductive health among women. Sexual health of women includes their state of physical, emotional, and social well-being. Women's sexual experiences either lead to good sexual and reproductive health or put them at risk for ill-health. Unfortunately, rather than women having satisfying and safe sexual experiences, their sexual vulnerabilities are often characterised by unsafe or harmful sexual practices that lead to adverse health outcomes. …
This report focuses on the gender dimensions of HIV-related stigma. It aims to fill a gap and advance a more nuanced understanding and more effective advocacy on how stigma affects women and girls living with HIV more, less or differently to men and boys. This is an advocacy tool for use by relevant stakeholders - from international donors to global policy makers, national governments, programme managers, civil society and people living with HIV. …
This paper reviews and describes research practices and program interventions addressing the sexual and reproductive health of very young adolescents (VYA) and identifies promising program components and research/evaluation practices. The paper is not exhaustive but serves as a tool for further discussion of what is needed in VYA programming and research
PRACHAR, a reproductive health communication model developed and tested in rural Bihar, India, has been found to be successful in (a) delaying age at marriage and onset of childbearing, (b) increasing contraceptive use for spacing of pregnancies, and (c) generating the most positive impact on contraceptive use among the socioeconomically least advantaged. This paper presents the results of an exercise that estimates the impact of implementing the PRACHAR model in the reproductive health and family planning programs in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. …
This report grows out of the shared belief that there must be a response to the impeding HIV crisis confronting women and girls in Malaysia. The increasingly feminised nature of the HIV epidemic in the country has been linked to issues affecting women's ability to control and decide issues relating to sex. Whether as injecting drug users, housewives, migrant workers, professionals, refugees or sex workers, women and girls experience HIV and AIDS differently compared to men and boys. Their risks and vulnerabilities to HIV require a gendered response. …
Sakhi Saheli: Promoting Gender Equity and Empowering Young Women - a Training Manual has been developed by CORO for Literacy and Horizons/Population Council with support from Instituto Promundo. The Manual is an important resource for those who work with young females to prevent HIV infection and sexual and reproductive health problems. …
Although HIV can strike anyone, it is not an equal opportunity virus. Gender inequality, poverty, lack of education and inadequate access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services continue to fuel the epidemic. This booklet will detail how and why prevention works. By applying the principles of prevention to diverse populations around the world, the global community can help slow, and possibly halt, what is proving to be one of the greatest health challenges of our time. …
This experimental study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of a reproductive health education package in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls aged 15-19 years in Chandigarh (India). The method included a reproductive health education package, developed in consultation with parents, teachers and adolescents, was delivered to randomly sampled classes of two senior secondary schools and one school was selected as control. …
Published by the Alan Guttmacher Institute (AGI), this article focuses on socio-economic factors influencing reproductive health needs and service use among young women in 12 developing countries. Findings showed that, in most countries, young women from the poorest households were more likely than those from the richest to be married and have at least one child by the age of 18, and to lack financial independence. …
This publication, "child marriage is a violation of human rights, compromising the development of girls and often resulting in early pregnancy and social isolation. Young married girls face onerous domestic burdens, constrained decision-making and reduced life choices. Using data from the Demographic and Household Surveys, this publication estimates the prevalence of child marriage and seeks to identify and understand the factors associated with child marriage and cohabitation. …
This presentation is an overview of the current situation of adolescent reproductive health in Bangladesh. It is focused on the various factors which afffects (HIV/AIDS, IDUs, gender voilence and lack of prevention education among young people) the adolescent health directly or indirectly. Also showing a comparision in the the fertility rate (age 15-19) among the adolescents in South Asia.
This study examines the impact of a comprehensive sex education program carried out in a Shanghai suburb with unmarried 15-24 year-olds over a period of 20 months. Though participation in the intervention was not associated with delayed sexual initiation, it was associated with increased odds of contraceptive use and condom use, and with decreased odds of sexual coercion during the intervention period. Additionally, the proportion of youth reporting pregnancy involvement during the intervention period was significantly lower in the intervention group than among controls.
A summary report of a cross-sectional comparative impact study to assess the impact of CEDPA's Better Life Options Programme (BLP) on the decision making and reproductive health behaviour of adolescent alumnae girls who graduated from the programmes in the peri-urban slums of Delhi, rural Madhya Pradesh and rural Gujarat in India. The study compared BLP alumnae who completed the programme between 1996 and 1999 with a similar control group of young women (ages 15-26) who had not been exposed to the programme.
