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Introduction: Virtually no African country provides HIV prevention services in sex work settings with an adequate scale and intensity. Uncertainty remains about the optimal set of interventions and mode of delivery. Methods: We systematically reviewed studies reporting interventions for reducing HIV transmission among female sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa between January 2000 and July 2011. Medline (PubMed) and non-indexed journals were searched for studies with quantitative study outcomes. Results: We located 26 studies, including seven randomized trials. …
Since the beginning of the epidemic sex workers have experienced a heightened burden of HIV across settings, despite their higher levels of HIV protective behaviors (UNAIDS, 2009). By gaining a deeper understanding of the epidemiologic and broader policy and social context within which sex work is set one begins to quickly gain a sense of the complex backdrop for increased risk to HIV among sex workers. …
The purpose of this resource is to: document and share programming and advocacy experience from across the Asia-Pacific region that can guide programming and advocacy efforts to respond effectively to HIV in the context of sex work; provide detailed case studies that illustrate the ways in which programmes and advocacy interventions were designed and delivered to address various elements of a comprehensive response; identify lessons learned, gaps and challenges and key considerations for strengthening and scaling up comprehensive and effective responses in the region. …
This paper explores the most cost-effective approaches to AIDS interventions in countries with low and concentrated epidemics. These epidemics are traditionally driven by populations that are classified as "Most at Risk". The populations that make up this group are sex workers, men who have sex with men and intervenous drug users. These groups are heavily marginalized, and governments are often reluctant to allocate resources to programs that target these groups. …
The Ghana Most At Risk Population strategy 2011-2015 has been developed to provide a framework for the implementation of a comprehensive package of services designed specifically to reach four MARP subgroups, Female Sex Workers (FSW), Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), Injecting Drug Users (PWID) and Prisoners. The goal of the strategy is to reach 80% of all identified MARP by 2015 with a comprehensive package of HIV prevention, protection, treatment, care and support service that is evidence based, accessible and acceptable to the specific groups. …
This article provides statistics which show how and why HIV prevalence among young people is falling. The article shows statistics in different regions and countries of the world where young people are living with HIV. Then, the article gives statistics about what kind of young people are at higher risk of HIV: sex workers, homosexuals, and injecting drug users. The article explains, through statistics, what is fueling the epidemic and what programs can work. …
This booklet provides statements on specific topics to facilitate discussion among stakeholders in Asia and the Pacific on issues affecting key populations vulnerable to HIV infection. These are: 1. Injecting drug users; 2. Sex workers and their clients; 3. Men who have sex with men; 4. Young people and children; 5. Mobile populations; 6. People living with HIV; 7. Children orphaned and affected by AIDS; 8. Women.
This course has been developed to provide guidance around youth-specific HIV programming and support staff working across the Asia Pacific region to meet the specific needs and rights of young people from key affected populations. …
AIDSTAR-One, in collaboration with the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) West Africa Regional Health Office in Accra, Ghana, and supported by the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, facilitated a workshop held May 2–3, 2012, in support of regional HIV prevention activities. …
This Guidance Note has been developed to provide the UNAIDS Cosponsors and Secretariat with a coordinated human-rights-based approach to promoting universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support in the context of adult sex work. Sound, evidence-informed measures to address sex work constitute an integral component of an effective, comprehensive response to HIV. The Guidance Note provides clarification and direction regarding approaches by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS to reduce HIV risk and vulnerability in the context of sex work. …
Namibia’s National Strategic Framework for HIV and AIDS 2010/11-2015/16 emphasises the importance of programmes aimed at most at risk populations, including sex workers. However, research aimed at understanding the realities faced by sex workers in Namibia and the effects of HIV on them, and HIV-related programming targeting sex workers, have been relatively limited to date. In order to contribute to strengthening HIV programming with sex workers, UNFPA Namibia has obtained Programme Acceleration Funding (PAF) from UNAIDS. …
Kenya is currently experiencing both a generalized and a concentrated HIV epidemic. It has a national HIV prevalence of 6.3 per cent and 1.3 million people between the ages of 15 to 64 across the country are living with HIV. According to the Kenya National AIDS Control Council (NACC), female sex workers (FSW) and their clients account for 14.1% of new infections. The Kenyan national response has recently started targeting research and programming efforts towards key population groups, and specifically FSW. However, migrants have not been targeted as a distinct category. …
As part of a global initiative to improve women’s access to HIV prevention and treatment services, ICRW implemented a research study to expand the evidence base on access to services for two key populations in India: female sex workers in Pune, Maharashtra and wives of migrant men in Ganjam, Orissa. The main objectives of the research study were to explore barriers to HIV services experienced by the study populations, and based on the findings, to identify entry points for improving HIV services among women in India more broadly.
Transactional sex (TS) has been correlated with HIV/STD infection, pregnancy, early marriage, and sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Few Western-based HIV prevention programs adapted for SSA have examined intervention impacts for this group. This article examines whether an HIV prevention intervention, delivered to sixth-grade students in Liberia (age range 14–17) and found to increase condom use and other mediators for the larger sample, significantly impacted sexual behaviors and mediators for those who engaged in TS. …
With some of the lowest development indicators in Southeast Asia, remote upland areas of the Lao People's Democratic Republic are among the poorest in the region. The advent of improved transport and communication links, along with opportunities for wage employment, have accelerated the growth of a cash economy in traditionally isolated farming communities of Luang Namtha Province. Interviews and focus group discussions with young people, women in the sexual service business and health workers indicate that the lure of the new economy is wooing villagers away from their agrarian roots. …
