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This research paper is the first step towards developing a tailor-made, focused intervention on HIV/AIDS for indirect sex workers in Phnom Penh, using the structure of their formal entertainment sector workplaces. While this research does not provide a framework for interventions at all entertainment venues in Phnom Penh where sex work occurs, it does pinpoint where HIV workplace education is most needed, what sorts of approaches will most likely be effective and where it will have the biggest impact within the context of the recent financial crisis.
This impact assessment study aims to examine coverage of harm reduction interventions in Vietnam among injecting drug users and female sex workers from 2004-2009 and to understand the HIV transmission dynamics in Vietnam and to estimate the extent to which harm reduction interventions among core groups have contributed towards epidemiological trends and reduced HIV transmission in Vietnam during the 2004-2009 strategy.
The main focus of this report is to review the risk factors for HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa, and the interventions that have been successfully implemented in this region. The report suggests components of a health sector response necessary for accelerating prevention of HIV and other STIs among sex workers and their clients. The report, its findings and recommendations are based on a review of the available published evidence. Information is presented in three major sections. …
The National Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for HIV Prevention Targeting Most-At-Risk Populations and Migrant Workers provides a unified and harmonized monitoring and evaluation system for Thailand. It follows the principle of the Three Ones: one agreed HIV/AIDS action framework that provides the basis for coordinating the work of all partners; one national AIDS coordinating authority, with a broad based multi-sector mandate; and one agreed HIV country-level monitoring and evaluation system. …
Situated on major drug trafficking routes that bring heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine from Mexico into the United States, Tijuana and Juarez experience high rates of local drug use and rank first and second, respectively, in prevalence of illicit drug use within the country. Sex tourism is another feature shared by Tijuana and Juarez. Both cities have 'tolerance zones' where sex work is openly practiced and, in the case of Tijuana, even regulated by the authorities
This study investigates the human rights violations experienced by women sex workers in Kenya. This research found that these women have no way to claim their individual human rights under the current operating laws and policy framework. They are unable to keep themselves safe as they seek to support themselves and their families because they are relentlessly subject to police harassment, arrest and abuse. Furthermore, because sex work is viewed as an 'immoral activity' rather than as a form of labour, many in society believe that sex workers deserve to be punished for what they do. …
This report documents human rights violations experienced by female, male and transgender sex workers in four African countries (Kenya, Uganda, South Africa and Zimbabwe), and describes barriers they face to accessing health services. Through cross-country comparison and documenting sub-regional trends, the study moves beyond previous often-localised descriptions of violations against sex workers in Africa. The study also fills information gaps about violations in male and transgender sex workers in this setting.
Background: Since 2000, peer-mediated interventions among female sex workers (FSW) in Mombasa Kenya have promoted behavioural change through improving knowledge, attitudes and awareness of HIV serostatus, and aimed to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infection (STI) by facilitating early STI treatment. Impact of these interventions was evaluated among those who attended peer education and at the FSW population level. Methods: A pre-intervention survey in 2000, recruited 503 FSW using snowball sampling. …
In June 2011, South Africa signed the United Nations Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS: Intensifying our Efforts to Eliminate HIV/AIDS which explicitly outlined commitment for all UN member states to address the inadequacy of HIV prevention strategies, focusing on men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU) and sex workers (SW) and to improve access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support services for migrant populations. …
Peer education is increasingly being used to combat the spread of HIV and AIDS. However, results are inconsistent. This study systematically compares the context and implementation of two peer educational approaches among sex workers in India and South Africa, which had contrasting outcomes, to identify factors leading to success or failure. The Indian intervention's success was enabled by: a stable, supportive social, material and political context; and an ethos of community development which committed resources to sex worker empowerment, ownership and involvement. …
This qualitative study aimed to understand how knowledge of HIV and risk perceptiosn influence safer sex practices among female sex workers in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Focus group discussions and semistructured interviews were used to gather data on female sex workers (FSW) (n=174) from 19 sites. FSWs also completed a structured, demographic questionnaire. Although some FSWs had misconceptions, the majority knew about HIV risk, transmission and prevention methods. …
This study compares the approaches of Taiwan and the Philippines in mitigating their HIV epidemics using non-formal educational programs. The Philippines has an HIV prevalence of 6,000-11,000 cases out of a population of 91 million. Their approach was to target female sex workers and their managers, before expanding to men in the community, and relying heavily on NGOs to provide sex education. Taiwan was a prevalence of 40,000 cases out of a 23 million person population. …
Pasa la Voz (spread the word) is a methodology used to prevent HIV using respondent-driven sampling to reach hard to access women. An organization in Ciudad Juarez (Programa Companeros) initiated a one-to-one approach to reaching at-risk and hard to reach women in the area using promotoras (outreach workers) from September 2005 to January 2006. The implementation of Pasa la Voz came on its heels and had success in increasing the number of women agreeing to get tested for HIV (11.9% to 49.9%) and decreasing testing time from 22.70 hours to 3.68 hours per test.
This Report Card is one in a series produced by the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) with the support of the Global Network of Sex Work Projects (NSWP) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). Female, male and transgender sex workers are disproportionately affected by HIV. These communities are also often among the most marginalized and discriminated against in society. Laws that criminalize their occupation make it difficult for them to exercise their human rights, including accessing health services. …
This research aims at analyzing the situation on the right to work of entertainment workers and at examining a broad scope of enabling environment factors that might affect the coverage of quality of UA services. It also seeks to identify eventual problems resulting from the implementation of the Law on Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation. …
