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This report summarises the existing peer reviewed and grey literature describing evidence on the nature and degree of risks and experiences of women who inject drugs and women whose partners inject. In collecting this literature, a range of search strategies were used in tandem with expert consultations across the key themes. This report explores how women enter into drug use, how they use drugs, the relationships that shape and drive their drug use and their experiences in accessing services and treatment.
This report provides: - an overview of people who inject drugs and the HIV and AIDS situation in Ukraine; the Ukrainian Government policies and approaches; the role of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria; the US role in Ukraine; recommendations to address prevention, care, and treatment needs among people who inject drugs and their sexual contacts.
This impact assessment study aims to examine coverage of harm reduction interventions in Vietnam among injecting drug users and female sex workers from 2004-2009 and to understand the HIV transmission dynamics in Vietnam and to estimate the extent to which harm reduction interventions among core groups have contributed towards epidemiological trends and reduced HIV transmission in Vietnam during the 2004-2009 strategy.
The National Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for HIV Prevention Targeting Most-At-Risk Populations and Migrant Workers provides a unified and harmonized monitoring and evaluation system for Thailand. It follows the principle of the Three Ones: one agreed HIV/AIDS action framework that provides the basis for coordinating the work of all partners; one national AIDS coordinating authority, with a broad based multi-sector mandate; and one agreed HIV country-level monitoring and evaluation system. …
El programa de educación no formal de la UNESCO para la reducción del impacto por el uso de drogas y el VIH / SIDA busca mitigar la vulnerabilidad de grupos de personas que se encuentran en situación de pobreza. …
In June 2011, South Africa signed the United Nations Political Declaration on HIV/AIDS: Intensifying our Efforts to Eliminate HIV/AIDS which explicitly outlined commitment for all UN member states to address the inadequacy of HIV prevention strategies, focusing on men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU) and sex workers (SW) and to improve access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support services for migrant populations. …
This study assessed the effectiveness of education in reducing high-risk HIV-related behaviors in 313 injecting drug users. Participants were recruited and high risk behavior evaluated at baseline and four months following intervention, based on a structured interview. Participants were allocated to one of three groups: AIDS education, AIDS education with optional HIV testing, or a wait list. While no significant differences in high risk behaviors were found between the different arms of the study, overall the entire sample decreased its high risk behavior.
This study compares the behavioral impact of informational vs enhanced small-group educational interventions among 407 drug users in a 21-day detoxification and rehabilitation program in Massachusetts, U.S.A. Sexual and drug-related behavior were analyzed using logistic regression at a follow-up visit after the program. Among users at lower risk, the enhanced approach was more effective at reducing injection-related risks associated with HIV transmission. Among users at higher risk, the informational approach was more effective. …
This study aimed to identify effective methods to train medical personnel to educate drug users on HIV prevention. One hundred and sixty-one participants from 13 provinces were recruited at a drug relief hospital in Beijing, China. Average age was about 35.21 years, years of drug addiction was 7, and number of drug relief treatments received in past was 5.5. Participants knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention was tested before and after the HIV awareness training. Results show that there was a statistically significant increase in knowledge on these issues after education. …
Unsafe injection practices can lead to HIV and HCV transmission as well as other bacterial and viral infections. Vancouver established North America's first supervised injection facility (SIF) to address such harms among injecting drug users (IDU). This study looks at their experiences receiving safer injecting education within the SIF. Through semi-structured, qualitative interviews, the experiences of 50 IDU were collected. Their testimonies indicate that gaps in knowledge exist among local IDU, often leading to unsafe injecting. …
This study compares the approaches of Taiwan and the Philippines in mitigating their HIV epidemics using non-formal educational programs. The Philippines has an HIV prevalence of 6,000-11,000 cases out of a population of 91 million. Their approach was to target female sex workers and their managers, before expanding to men in the community, and relying heavily on NGOs to provide sex education. Taiwan was a prevalence of 40,000 cases out of a 23 million person population. …
Pasa la Voz (spread the word) is a methodology used to prevent HIV using respondent-driven sampling to reach hard to access women. An organization in Ciudad Juarez (Programa Companeros) initiated a one-to-one approach to reaching at-risk and hard to reach women in the area using promotoras (outreach workers) from September 2005 to January 2006. The implementation of Pasa la Voz came on its heels and had success in increasing the number of women agreeing to get tested for HIV (11.9% to 49.9%) and decreasing testing time from 22.70 hours to 3.68 hours per test.
This evaluation aims to assess the levels of drug use and associated high-risk behaviours in the prison population of Sarpoza Prison, Kandahar, in order to inform the subsequent planning and provision of prison-based and community-based (prison aftercare) treatment and harm reduction service delivery.
This document aims to present the major achievements of Preventing HIV Project targeted in Vietnam, including case studies and lessons to be shared. It illustrates the involvement of local government, support to policy change, local innovative practices and behavioral changes among high risk populations, particularly injecting drug users and sex workers. The descriptions of practical examples are aimed at the rising numbers of providers of HIV prevention services. The project and paper reflect the good cooperation between Vietnam Administration of HIV/AIDS Control (VAAC), U.K. …
This document offers basic operational guidance on HIV testing and counseling in settings attended by people who inject drugs (PWID). It is intended for a wide audience, including policy-makers, HIV/AIDS programme planners and coordinators,care providers, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) providing services for HIV-related conditions, and civil society groups. This document recommends a proactive approach to HIV testing and counseling by care providers in these settings. It includes simplified pre-test information consistent with WHO and UNAIDS policy.
