The investment plan for Nepal 2014-2016 emphasises the importance of focusing on Key Affected Populations (KAP), then goes one step further to disaggregate relevant KAP into sub-populations, guided by infection risk dynamics and context. The first priorities identified for prevention are: female sex workers who inject drugs on a regular basis (FSW WID); other people who inject drugs; street-based female sex workers ( FSW); transgender sex workers (TG SW) and male sex workers (MSW). These populations are all identified as having the highest HIV prevalence among the KAP and need to be addressed with specific and robust investments to achieve meaningful outcome results. For TG, MSM, and people who inject drugs (PWID), a minimum 60% coverage is a first priority. For this, the scope of the investments has to shift from ‘easier to reach’ to those with the highest prevalence rates. Other priorities identified for prevention are migrant and mobile populations and their families in the underserved areas with highest need, in the Far-West and Mid-West of the country; other female sex workers; females who are the partners of males who inject drugs; and gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM).