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This paper elucidates evidence which underscores anxieties and panic about sexuality and sexual behaviour of young people influenced by movements advancing a distinct religious identity, and the implications for advocacy on advancing Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR). Synthesised in this document is evidence from two countries - Bangladesh and India - on Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE), an area of controversy (to varying degree) in both countries. Evidence from each country stem from national studies on the influence of religion on CSE, and are qualitative in nature. …
This report begins with a situation analysis of adolescent pregnancy (Section 2), highlighting where today’s adolescents live and where their fertility levels are highest, as well as looking at the drivers of their fertility rates. Section 3 provides a more detailed discussion of the multiple barriers that girls face in controlling their fertility. Section 4 presents our conclusions about the main drivers of adolescent pregnancy and introduces our policy and programming recommendations, which can be found in Section 5. …
We adapted a U.S. HIV prevention program to address knowledge gaps and cultural pressures that increase the risk of infection in adolescent Ghanaian girls. The theory-based nine-module HIV prevention program combines didactics and games, an interactive computer program about sugar daddies, and tie-and-dye training to demonstrate an economic alternative to transactional sex. The abstinence-based study was conducted in a church-affiliated junior secondary school in Nsawam, Ghana. Of 61 subjects aged 10-14 in the prevention program, over two thirds were very worried about becoming HIV infected. …
Reproductive health (RH) is one of the cornerstones of an individual’s health and well-being, and an important component of a country’s human social development. Limited access to RH information among female adolescents can increase their vulnerability to health problems. Therefore, it is important to provide them with accurate and age-appropriate information. In the Middle East and North Africa, cultural norms dictate that girls should not be exposed to information about RH until they are married. …
The past decade has witnessed a dramatic increase in awareness about early and forced marriage of girls as a widespread violation of human rights. In short, early and forced marriage exacerbate gender inequality and the likelihood of poor outcomes throughout life. Combining public education about the negative effects of early and forced marriage with positive preventive strategies is valuable. The Association for the Struggle Against Violence Against Women (ALVF) in Cameroon is one such example. …
This booklet contains flipcharts on a variety of topics to help communities identify ways to make environment safer for girls.
This paper argues for a gender and developmental perspective to explore "what boys have to do with the 'girl effect'." This approach seeks to combine the lenses of gender and developmental psychology to better understand gendered behavior in adolescents over their life cycle, with a focus on adolescence (generally defined as ages 10 to 19) in order to develop programs and undertake policy efforts to promote equitable and healthy gender identities and norms with benefits for both girls and boys in a gender relational perspective.
This study is an article extracted from "Studies in Family Planning" published in December 2008. The objective of this study is to analyse the sexual transition in Mali, and more precisely in a poor zone of Bamako. It is based mainly on a survey (a questionnaire ) conducted in 2002 to 2000 young people from urban and rural area. The analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, survival curves and logistic regressions. The study provided indicators of the links between sexual transition, the modernization of Malian society, and sociocultural and economic trends. …
El presente estudio fue realizado por PROINFANCIA, con el apoyo de UNICEF en 2004. Tiene como propósito estudiar en dos provincias del país cuál es la concordancia entre la situación de los niños, niñas y adolescentes vulnerables por la epidemia y las respuestas que se están dando para darle solución, tanto por parte de las familias como por el Estado y las organizaciones comunitarias. …
Este guía metodológica para la prevención del VIH y SIDA por grupos de adolescentes organizados en Panamá fue publicado por el Instituto para el desarrollo de la mujer y la infancia con el apoyo de UNICEF Panamá. Recoge las experiencias del proceso de organización y capacitación de adolescentes de ambos sexos por los coordinadores del IDEMI. Se incluyen también los pasos de las técnicas utilizadas por adolescentes participantes en la divulgación o replicas de los temas como el VIH y SIDA, derechos de la niñez, sexualidad y autoestima. …
This document is a training manual designed to help facilitator to provide sexuality education (human sexuality, sexual and reproductive health, rights and responsibilities). This training manual (level 2) was produced and revised by Girl's power initiative (GPI), a Nigerian NGO in 2003. …
This study is an article extracted from "Studies in family Planning" published in December 2008. It draws upon data from the 2002 Cameroon Adolescent Reproductive Health Survey to analyse the determinants of young women's perceived ability to refuse sex in urban Cameroon. Young women's status characteristics predict their vulnerability differently under different circumstances, and young women report having a lower ability to refuse sex in their relationships with men in positions of power over them. …
This study is an article extracted from "Studies in family Planning" published in December 2008. The objective of this study is to analyse abortion practices and beliefs among adolescents and young adults in Tanzania, where abortion is illegal. From 1999 to 2002, six researchers carried out participant observation in nine villages and conducted group discussions and interviews in three others. Most informants opposed abortion as illegal, immoral, dangerous, or unacceptable without without the man's consent, and many reported that ancestral spirits killed women who aborted clan descendants. …
The paper attempts to understand the experience of menstruation in the socio-cultural context of an urban Indian slum. Observations were gathered as part of a larger study of reproductive tract infections in women in Delhi, using both qualitative and quantitative methods.
This paper suggests a simple model for the relationships between poverty, schooling and gender inequality. It argues that poverty at both national and household levels is associated with an under-enrolment of school age children, but that the gendered outcomes of such under enrolment are the product of cultural practice, rather than poverty per se. Using detailed case study material from two African countries, evidence is presented to show the variety and extent of adverse cultural practice which impede the attendance and performance of girls at school, relative to boys. …
