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Harm reduction strategies commonly include needle and syringe programmes (NSP), opioid substitution therapy (OST) and interventions combining these two strategies. Despite the proven effectiveness of harm-reduction strategies in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injecting drug users (IDUs), no study has compared the cost-effectiveness of these interventions, nor the incremental cost effectiveness of combined therapy. …
Background: Belarus has a focused HIV epidemic concentrated among injecting drug users, female sex workers and men who have sex with men. However, until 2008, Belarus had no way of evaluating HIV spending priorities. In 2008, Belarus committed to undertaking a comprehensive National AIDS Spending Assessment (NASA) in order to analyze HIV spending priorities. NASA was used to ‘follow the money’ from the funding sources to agents and providers, and eventually to beneficiary populations. …
This paper explores the most cost-effective approaches to AIDS interventions in countries with low and concentrated epidemics. These epidemics are traditionally driven by populations that are classified as "Most at Risk". The populations that make up this group are sex workers, men who have sex with men and intervenous drug users. These groups are heavily marginalized, and governments are often reluctant to allocate resources to programs that target these groups. …
