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Harm reduction strategies commonly include needle and syringe programmes (NSP), opioid substitution therapy (OST) and interventions combining these two strategies. Despite the proven effectiveness of harm-reduction strategies in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injecting drug users (IDUs), no study has compared the cost-effectiveness of these interventions, nor the incremental cost effectiveness of combined therapy. …
Adolescents and young adults are at increased risk for HIV due to the many developmental, psychological, social, and structural transitions that converge in this period of the lifespan. In addition, adolescent deaths resulting from HIV continue to rise despite declines in other age groups. There are also young key populations (YKPs) that bear disproportionate burdens of HIV and are the most vulnerable, including young men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender youth, young people who inject drugs, and adolescent and young adult sex workers. …
From 2010–2012, the global Health Policy Project (funded by the United States Agency for International Development), in partnership with African Men for Sexual Health and Rights (AMSHeR), developed Policy Analysis and Advocacy Decision Model for HIV-Related Services: Males Who Have Sex with Males, Transgender People, and Sex Workers (Beardsley K., 2013), hereafter referred to as the Decision Model. …
The goals of the Malaysian NSP 2011 - 2015, are: 1. To prevent and reduce the risk and spread of HIV infection; 2. Improve the quality of life of People Living with HIV; 3. Reduce the social and economic impact resulting from HIV and AIDS on the individual, family and society. The specific objectives of the NSP2011-2015 are: 1. To further reduce by 50% the number of new HIV infections by scaling up, improving upon and initiating new and current targeted and evidence based comprehensive prevention interventions; 2. …
The goal of the National Peer Education Strategy is to position peer education as a critical component of HIV prevention programmes targeting KAPs in preventing the transmission of HIV/AIDS. The objectives are: 1. Build national capacity and leadership in both government and civil society to provide peer education to all KAPs in Mauritius; 2. Build support for peer education by strengthening linkages with existing services and networks including law enforcement, civil society organisations, health and welfare workers and other stakeholders; 3. …
This report presents the key findings and recommendations of the review of Myanmar's legal framework and its effect on access to health and HIV prevention and treatment services for people living with HIV and key affected populations.The review was conducted through a partnership of UNAIDS, UNDP and Pyoe Pin in the period August - December 2013, in consultation with the National AIDS Programme. …
Despite the progress being made in the global response to HIV and AIDS, stigma remains a major obstacle to prevention and treatment. It is manifested in many different ways and fear of disgrace prevents people from coming forward for HIV testing and treatment. Key populations – sex workers and their clients, men who have sex with men, the transgender community and people who inject drugs – are particularly affected. The role of the media in tackling HIV related stigma is crucial. It is seen as one of the drivers of HIV reduction, yet the media is far from reaching its full potential. …
Purpose of review: A volume of quality HIV data has materialized recently in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). This review provides a thematic narrative of the patterns of HIV infection transmission in this region in light of these data. Recent findings: Tens of integrated bio-behavioral surveillance surveys among hard-to-reach key populations at higher risk have been conducted in MENA in the recent years. Many of the studies reported appreciable and growing HIV prevalence. …
BACKGROUND: Over a third of new HIV infections globally are among 15-24 year-olds and over 20% among adolescents aged 10-19 years in Asia Pacific. The review was initiated to identify interventions in the region with demonstrated or potential impact for adolescent and young key populations (YKP) looking at the role of individual and structural factors in accessibility and delivery. The review is a component of a more comprehensive review undertaken by UNICEF and partners in the region. METHODS:This was a desk review of over 1000 articles, and 37 were selected. …
To better understand how countries are tackling the HIV epidemic among young key populations, a number of agencies agreed to partner to investigate how these groups were being addressed in national AIDS strategic plans in the Asia-Pacific region. This report is the outcome of this effort, and aims to inform country-based reviews and progress reports of current NSPs, and the development of future plans with greater attention to these populations. …
Peer education is a powerful strategy to promote positive behaviour change and improve the life skills of young people. This peer education program builds upon the concepts and life skills first introduced in the Upper Primary Personal Development syllabus. It reinforces and deepens the learning outcomes in Lower Secondary Personal Development. …
Adolescents (10–19 years) and young people (20–24 years) continue to be vulnerable, both socially and economically, to HIV infection despite efforts to date. This is particularly true for adolescents — especially girls — who live in settings with a generalized HIV epidemic or who are members of key populations at higher risk for HIV acquisition or transmission through sexual transmission and injecting drug use. In 2012, there were approximately 2.1 million adolescents living with HIV. About one-seventh of all new HIV infections occur during adolescence. …
In Botswana, homosexuality is criminalized, stigmatized, and considered by some to be “un-African.” Unsurprisingly in this context there has been scant research on lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) issues. This paper reviews what research has been done in the areas of HIV risk, substance abuse, and mental health; explores the issues facing LGBs in Botswana; and offers recommendations for policy and future research. …
Introduction: The HIV pandemic disproportionately impacts young women. Worldwide, young women aged 15–24 are infected with HIV at rates twice that of young men, and young women alone account for nearly a quarter of all new HIV infections. The incommensurate HIV incidence in young – often poor – women underscores how social and economic inequalities shape the HIV epidemic. Confluent social forces, including political and gender violence, poverty, racism, and sexism impede equal access to therapies and effective care, but most of all constrain the agency of women. …
Background: In 2012, an estimated 2.1 million adolescents were living with HIV. Though there are effective interventions to prevent and treat HIV infection, adolescents face specific barriers in accessing them. As a result, new infections and poor outcomes among HIV-infected adolescents are common. HIV programming for adolescents should focus on interventions of proven effectiveness and address underlying factors driving incidence and lack of effective treatment and care in this age group. …
