Sexuality education, which ideally should be comprehensive as well as age- and development-appropriate, is a crucial factor in protecting the health and well-being of children and young people as well as supporting them in their sexual and overall development. The present assessment on the state of sexuality education in Europe and Central Asia was commissioned by the German Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) in close cooperation with the International Planned Parenthood Federation – European Network (IPPF EN). The intersectoral and interagency cooperation between these organisations ensured that representatives of both governmental and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) were asked to provide information on the current status of sexuality education in their respective country. Results show that the state of implementation of sexuality education differs widely between and even within countries of the WHO European Region. Despite these differences, the assessment also confirms that sexuality education has become the norm in most countries throughout Europe and Central Asia. Another crucial outcome of the assessment is that in most countries there is a legal basis for sexuality education – one of the prerequisites for ensuring sustainable implementation.