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This document represents a synthesis of country studies on the cultural approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and care initiated in the context of a UNESCO/UNAIDS research project. The studies aim to identify the interaction between culture, development and the HIV/AIDS problem, in order to adopt the appropriate preventive actions and care. More than a simple synthesis, the document identifies general trends within the different cultures with regard to risk perception, the complexity of AIDS, its socio-cultural and multidimensional impact. The document explores also the cultural diversity and identifies vulnerable groups within a society and culture. Lessons learned and recommendations have been formulated based on the data collected.
This report presents the proceedings and results of the Nairobi International Conference that was held from 2 to 4 October 2000 on "The Cultural approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and Care", a UNESCO and UNAIDS Project. Its main objectives were to summarize lessons learnt from Phase I of the Project (1998-1999), ii) to present activities in progress during phase II and iii) defining orientations for networking and a possible Joint Action Plan for years to come.
This document presents the two major achievements of Year I of the UNESCO/UNAIDS joint project "A Cultural Approach to HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care". This phase of the project was meant to identify the interactions between cultures and the HIV/AIDS issue and to adjust prevention and care accordingly. The first part is devoted to the Summary Report of 16 country assessments and shorter country papers carried out in Southern Africa, the Caribbean and South-east Asia. In its second part, the present document describes a set of methodological and pedagogical proposals, based on previous research carried out within UNESCO's Culture Sector (Cultural Research and Management Section)
This bibliography contains 667 references and has been organised according to recent findings in the review of the application of current communication frameworks on HIV/AIDS communications. …
This document is a compilation of papers presented at a
Socio cultural and economic context of HIV/AIDS
This paper suggests a simple model for the relationships between poverty, schooling and gender inequality. It argues that poverty at both national and household levels is associated with an under-enrolment of school age children, but that the gendered outcomes of such under enrolment are the product of cultural practice, rather than poverty per se. Using detailed case study material from two African countries, evidence is presented to show the variety and extent of adverse cultural practice which impede the attendance and performance of girls at school, relative to boys. …
This handbook is specifically devoted to presenting methods for building culturally appropriate strategies and policies in relation to HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care. The joint UNESCO/UNAIDS Project "A Cultural Approach to HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care" was launched in mid-1998, in relation to the new approach inaugurated by UNAIDS to HIV/AIDS prevention and care. The UNAIDS strategy emphasizes the necessity of giving priority to the multi-dimensional configuration of the issue and to the diversity of its environment, in order to build comprehensive and adaptable strategies and policies.
An article on the belief that AIDS is a form of genocide targeted at the black population is prevalent in black communities in the United States. Public health authorities are distrusted, in part because of the legacy of the Tuskegee study of untreated syphilis, a perceived racist experiment. For effective interventions to prevent the transmission of HIV in black communities, genocidal fears and beliefs must be addressed and black community leaders should be involved in planning and implementation.
What people do when they have symptoms or suspicion of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) has major implications for transmission and, consequently, for disease control. Delays in seeking and obtaining diagnosis and treatment can allow for continued transmission and the greater probability of adverse sequelae. An understanding of health seeking behaviour is therefore important if STD control programmes are to be effective. However, taboos and stigma related to sex and STD in most cultures mean that gaining a true picture is difficult and requires considerable cultural sensitivity. …
The Tonga of Southern Zambia usually refer to a traditional disease, Kahungo, when talking about AIDS. Such an association of AIDS with a traditional disease could easily be interpreted as a cultural obstacle to an understanding of AIDS and thus to a change of behaviour. However, a close investigation shows that this association is not the result of categorical thinking, but rather of narrative logic. What people are actually articulating when they associate AIDS with kahungo is a narrative about order, disorder and respect for existing rules and values of the society. …
