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Peer education for HIV prevention has been widely implemented in developing countries, yet the effectiveness of this intervention has not been systematically evaluated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer education interventions in developing countries published between January 1990 and November 2006. Standardized methods of searching and data abstraction were utilized. Merged effect sizes were calculated using random effects models. Thirty studies were identified. …
Objective: The aim of this paper is to assess the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and its risk factors, attitude towards HIV/AIDS and AIDS patients and its transmission, and to identify high risk behaviors associated with HIV/AIDS among university students in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Methodology: A cross–sectional survey was conducted among students enrolled in two universities, the Xinjiang University (XU) and Xinjiang Medical University (XMU). …
A 14-item human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome knowledge scale was used among school students in 80 schools in 3 sites in Sub-Saharan Africa (Cape Town and Mankweng, South Africa, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania). For each item, an incorrect or don't know response was coded as 0 and correct response as 1. Exploratory factor analyses based on polychoric correlations showed two separate factors for all sites. …
This study sought to identify factors that can predict knowledge about HIV/AIDS among adolescents in Botswana. The data were collected through a self administered questionnaire from a sample of 1294 students from schools around the capital city of Botswana, Gaborone. The research instrument consisted of 76 items that solicited information on background characteristics of respondents, indicators of family cohesiveness and bonding of children with their parents, indicators of personal adjustment, evidence of sex life, and knowledge about HIV/AIDS. …
Data from the first five Demographic and Health Surveys to include HIV testing for a representative sample of the adult population are used to analyze the socioeconomic correlates of HIV infection and associated sexual behavior. Emerging from a wealth of country relevant results, some important findings can be generalized. First, successive marriages are a significant risk factor. Second, contrary to prima facie evidence, education is not positively associated with HIV status. …
The purpose of this study was to compare two different methods to teach educators about HIV/AIDS. Sixty educators were selected from eight schools in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, to undergo HIV/AIDS training using an interactive CD-ROM intervention. Another sixty educators from other schools were selected to undergo a two-day Life Skills Training Programme provided by the Department of Education. …
Background: The Declaration of Commitment of the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS (UNGASS), in 2001, sets out several policy and programmatic commitments that pertain to women and the gender aspects of the HIV epidemic. Some of them are general, whereas others are more specific and include time-bounded targets. This article summarizes data on policies and strategies affecting women and men equity in access to antiretroviral treatment and other HIV services, as reported by countries but do not address other issues of gender, such as men having sex with men. …
This article addresses the issue of teacher knowledge in a developing world context of HIV and AIDS. More specifically, it responds to the need for practical 'how to' examples of HIV and AIDS education by describing the pedagogical strategies employed in an initial teacher education programme at a South African university. …
A large proportion of young people worldwide are sexually active, and this exposes them to the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV, and to the risk of unintended pregnancies. In 2008, 16 million girls aged 15 to 19 gave birth and approximately 40% of these pregnancies were unintended. Young people between the ages of 15 and 24 years account for more than one third of all new HIV infections, with some 3,000 young people becoming infected with HIV each day. …
India is amongst the top 10 countries in the world currently with the highest burden of pregnant women living with HIV and nearly 80% of these women do not recieve antiretroviral treatement drugs to prevent parent-to-child transmission. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study in which women were interviewed in Tamil Nadu to estimate HIV-infected women's awarness of PTCT and knowledge of ARVs as a measure to prevent PTCT. The results of the study are that 18.8% of the women with HIV interviewed had not heard of PTCT and 40% did not know that ARVs could prevent PTCT. …
This paper aims to assess whether the goals of the in-school programmes on prevention of HIV and AIDS that are taught in primary schools of 15 national ministries of education in Southern and Eastern Africa have been reached equitably between boys and girls by the end of primary education. One feature of most of these ministries is that they are in countries that are the hardest hit by a general HIV epidemic. More specifically, the paper aims to analyse schoolboys’ and schoolgirls’ general knowledge about HIV and AIDS. …
Drawing on the unique experience of young adults who are living with HIV and AIDS, Positive Speaking aims to contribute to the HIV prevention revolution in Namibia, and more specifically: To empower young people and learners with appropriate knowledge and skills about HIV prevention, gender and sexual reproductive health, based on the drivers of the current HIV epidemic, so that they can make the right decisions in future about their relationships and enjoy healthy lives; To change learners’ risk perceptions towards HIV infection, and their attitudes towards people living with HIV; To provide …
Despite recent progress in meeting the goals of the Education for All agenda, certain groups of young people are particularly vulnerable to exclusion and underachievement, including children with HIV/AIDS, children living in poverty, and children with disabilities. HIV/AIDS has reduced many young people’s rights to access education, to live a full and healthy life, and to have a life as a child. …
Background: In 2009, 6.7% of the estimated 1.1 million persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States were youths (defined in this report as persons aged 13–24 years); more than half of youths with HIV (59.5%) were unaware of their infection. Methods: CDC used National HIV Surveillance System data to estimate, among youths, prevalence rates of diagnosed HIV infection in 2009 and the number of new infections (incidence) in 2010. …
This document reports key findings of a study on HIV prevention information needs in Lesotho. Data was collected in late 2009 using qualitative research methods. Eleven key informant interviews were conducted with policy makers, opinion leaders, program managers, and development partners, all working on HIV and AIDS activities at the national level. Each was based in Maseru, though some of their work covered both rural and urban areas. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted with a total of 17 participants. …
