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Communication for Change (C-Change) works around the world to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of social and behavior change communication (SBCC) across program areas, including health, environment, economic growth and poverty alleviation, and democracy and governance. In Nigeria, C-Change supports health and HIV prevention objectives of the USAID Mission. The project is building SBCC capacity for country-driven interventions that aim to prevent new HIV infections, reduce HIV prevalence among high-risk groups, and stabilize HIV prevalence within the general population. …
This systematic review analyzes 24 mass media campaigns' effect on HIV knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The studies were published between 1990 and 2004 about developing countries and compared outcomes by reviewing pre-and post-intervention data; intervention vs. control groups or post-intervention data across levels of exposure. …
This publication deals with current sexual and reproductive health issues. In this issue, a range of themes related to peer education are tackled, including its theoretical foundations and models; its role in battling STIs/HIV/AIDS in Denmark and the Russian Federation; theatre as a peer-led approach in central and eastern Europe; Hungary's approach to sex education; and the role of medical students in providing peer education.
The aim of this randomized, pre-post test study was to evaluate the impact of AIDS education programs (Streetwize UK) on adolescents. Participants were identfied from six youth training centers in Nottingham, England. The participants were aged 16-19 years and each centre ws randomly allocated to experimental (n=173) or control (n=164) group. Sixty-six percent of the sample was sexually active. No differences were observed between groups at pre-test. …
This randomized controlled community trial aimed to see whether an education program could reduce children's risk of contracting HIV and improve their tolerance of people living with HIV and AIDS. Results showed improved outcomes among students in the intervention group relating to exposure to AIDS information and communication, AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward people with AIDS, and subjective norms and behavioral intentions toward having sexual intercourse. It was feasible and effective to train local teachers and health workers to provide health education on HIV and AIDS.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education initiatives to increase knowledge and improve attitudes and behaviors in response to rising HIV incidence. In this study, 223 students who received comprehensive health education were compared to 217 control group students who did not receive this education. …
School health education programs are needed to curb the high prevalence of STIs and unintended pregnancies among adolescents in the UK. Accurate data on knowledge levels and sexual education needs are necessary to design effective programs. This paper discusses results of the WHO: Health Behaviours of School-aged Children Study on changes in knowledge, attitudes and perceived educational needs among Scottish school-going children between 1990 and 1994. …
This study evaluated an AIDS education program in Hungary. Four evaluations were undertaken - process and outcome evaluations of the peer educator training and activities used for students. Results indicate that peer educator characteristics, as well as teachers' attitudes and the cultural aspects of transferability of programs need to beáconsidered in designing effective peer education programs.
This study aimed to evaluate the theories of Ajzen (Planned Behavior) and Triandis (Interpersonal Behavior) on influencing 698 junior high school students and 306 senior high school students at two sites in Quebec, Canada. Baseline questionnaires were completed as well as at 9 months of follow-up. …
This paper describes an evaluation of a workplace HIV/AIDS peer-educational program. A cross-sectional study of 900 employees was conducted in 2001 across three areas in South Africa and measured the impact of a peer-education program on knowledge, attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS, perceptions of risk and condom use. Peer-education had no impact on any outcome. Some 59% of subjects had good knowledge, 62% positive attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS, 34% reported frequently using condoms, 73% perceived themselves at low risk for infection. …
This cross-sectional study describes three approaches to sex education in schools in three locations-- Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, and Salvador, all in Brazil. It compares knowledge, attitudes and practices related to sexuality, citizenship and gender among adolescents in schools with such programs, compared to controls in schools without them. Results show that the program in Salvador improved knowledge on sexuality and reproductive physiology, attitudes towards citizenship, and use of modern contraceptives compared to controls. …
Peer education is increasingly being used to increase HIV and AIDS awareness among youth. This pilot cohort study tested the effectiveness of this approach among high school students in 10 schools in Athens, Greece. Over one year, 702 students were followed (n = 493 experimental group, n = 209 control group) and knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and practices assessed through a pre and post intervention questionnaire. Students in the intervention group were moderately more empowered to take personal responsibility and adopt safer sexual practices. …
This report looks at data from a multistage probability sample of 1,093 Croatian youth aged 18-24 years in 2005. Regression was used to investigate relationships between HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and sexual behavior and condom use at first and last sexual encounter and consistent use of condoms. Results found that positive attitudes towards condoms and condom use at first intercourse were predictors for condom use at most recent intercourse and overall consistent use of condoms (OR: 1.3). Sex education programs should be given to youth before they become sexually active.
Stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV have been widely documented, and have extended their impact into the workplace. Stigmatising attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the workplace significantly hinder HIV prevention efforts and indirectly affect national development. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the level of knowledge about HIV and AIDS and assess attitudes towards PLHIV among the general staff of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), as well as to identify factors that are associated with it.
In the context of social representation theory and the AIDS risk reduction model, it has been claimed that stigmatizing, blaming and stereotyping attitudes make people feel less at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, and that this, in turn, results in them taking fewer precautions in their sexual behaviour. Previous research has failed to provide convincing evidence to support these claims. The present study provided a test of the claims that addressed some of the methodological issues identified in the earlier research. …
