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Although AIDS is a leading cause of death worldwide, the consequences of the pandemic are remarkably unequally distributed cross-nationally. This unequal global distribution of AIDS deaths should be of interest to sociologists because of the potential role of structural forces in accounting for these disparities. Yet, there has been relatively little sociological research on this topic. Using underutilized cross national data on AIDS deaths, this study examines the macro-level sources of variation in AIDS death rates across 115 countries. …
The countries in the Western Pacific Region have made good progress in reducing the transmission of HIV and providing services to people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, challenges remain and there are important gaps to be filled. This report documents the achievements and challenges of the health sector’s response to the HIV epidemic in the Region over the past decade. It identifies best practices and important opportunities to further reduce the number of new infections, and prolong and improve the quality of life of people living with HIV in the Western Pacific Region. …
This article provides statistics which show how and why HIV prevalence among young people is falling. The article shows statistics in different regions and countries of the world where young people are living with HIV. Then, the article gives statistics about what kind of young people are at higher risk of HIV: sex workers, homosexuals, and injecting drug users. The article explains, through statistics, what is fueling the epidemic and what programs can work. …
This report contains the latest data on numbers of new HIV infections, numbers of people receiving antiretroviral therapy, AIDS-related deaths and HIV among children. It highlights new scientific opportunities and social progress which are bringing the world closer to UNAIDS vision of zero new HIV infections, zero discrimination and zero AIDS-related deaths. This publication also gives an overview of international and domestic HIV investments and the need for greater value for money and sustainability.
Adolescence and young adulthood offer opportunities for health gains both through prevention and early clinical intervention. Yet development of health information systems to support this work has been weak and so far lagged behind those for early childhood and adulthood. With falls in the number of deaths in earlier childhood in many countries and a shifting emphasis to non-communicable disease risks, injuries, and mental health, there are good reasons to assess the present sources of health information for young people. …
The article examines the factors associated with HIV status among adolescents aged 15–19 years in 13 African countries. The data were derived from demographic and health surveys or AIDS indicator surveys conducted between 2004 and 2009. The levels of HIV prevalence among adolescents varied considerably across the countries. There was significantly higher HIV prevalence among female adolescents as compared with their male counterparts. For male adolescents, circumcision was the only variable significantly associated with HIV status. …
The authors assessed the effect of HIV status disclosure on retention in care from initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected children ages 10 years or more in Cote d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal. They conducted a multi-center cohort study within five pediatric clinics participating in the IeDEA West Africa collaboration. …
This wall chart provides a summary of selected key indicators (marriage and family formation; knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS; attitudes toward gender role and practices; school, work and civic participation) for youth in Egypt as abstracted from the Population Councils 2009 Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE).
As the HIV epidemic matures, survival of children with perinatally acquired HIV infection into adolescence is increasingly being documented in sub-Saharan African countries. In addition, the burden of HIV in the adolescent patient population in the region is also due to sexual transmission, with adolescents and young adults being particularly vulnerable to this mode of infection. HIV care and treatment services in the region need to adapt to adequately meet the specific needs of this expanding disease burden among adolescents. …
A decline in HIV incidence has been reported in Zambia and a number of other sub-Saharan countries. The trend of HIV prevalence among young people is a good marker of HIV incidence. In this study, different data sources are used to examine geographical and sub-population group differentials in HIV prevalence trends among men and women aged 15–24 years in Zambia.
With an overall adult HIV prevalence of 15.3%, Namibia is facing one of the largest HIV epidemics in Africa. Young people aged 20 to 34 years constitute one of the groups at highest risk of HIV infection in Namibia. However, little is known about the impact of HIV on this group and its access to healthcare. The purpose of this study was to estimate HIV prevalence, to assess the knowledge of and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, and to assess access to healthcare among university students in Namibia.
This updated Operations Guide offers practical examples of how to strengthen HIV/AIDS programs by integrating a gender perspective. Revised sections reflect the latest information about the epidemic, address breakthrough issues, and share new lessons learned. As such, it will be useful to national HIV/ AIDS program management teams, national policy makers, public and non-public service providers, and World Bank staff. As this Operations Guide is a dynamic and evolving tool, the team welcomes additional practical and current examples from its users for inclusion in the future.
This is a study of the association of radio and television exposure with different aspects of reproductive behavior and with knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in connection with HIV/AIDS. The measures of mass media are limited to the frequency that women and men report listening to the radio and watching television, which are standard questions in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Only the frequency is assessed; the DHS does not obtain information on programmatic content. …
This study sought to review published and unpublished data and information of policies, legal frameworks and regulations, homophobic practices (including violence) and related human rights violations, as well as stigma and discrimination with a pilot study to fill the most relevant knowledge gaps in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean.
This document provides key indicators on HIV and AIDS in Nigeria.
