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This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of health education initiatives to increase knowledge and improve attitudes and behaviors in response to rising HIV incidence. In this study, 223 students who received comprehensive health education were compared to 217 control group students who did not receive this education. …
This study was conducted in 1999 using data from a nationally representative survey of 5th and 6th grader teachers (n=1789) in 5,543 public schools. Analyses were conducted of topics and skills taught relating to sexuality education, grades to which they were taught, teaching approaches, pressures experienced, support received and their needs. Seventy-two percent of the teachers reported that sexuality education is taught in their schools in at least one grade. …
This article presents three articles in this issue of Family Planning Perspectives. They are on changing foci within secondary school sexuality education (Changing Emphases), sexuality education for Grades 5-6 (Grades 5-6) and adolescents perceptions of reproductive health education (Adolescent Views). "Changing Emphases" discusses teachers' perceptions of a marked change from balanced treatment of abstinence and safer sexual practices in 1988 to a greater emphasis on abstinence (and abstinence only) in 1999. …
Peer education is increasingly being used to increase HIV and AIDS awareness among youth. This pilot cohort study tested the effectiveness of this approach among high school students in 10 schools in Athens, Greece. Over one year, 702 students were followed (n = 493 experimental group, n = 209 control group) and knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and practices assessed through a pre and post intervention questionnaire. Students in the intervention group were moderately more empowered to take personal responsibility and adopt safer sexual practices. …
Adolescent girls imprisoned in state reformatories were recruited (N=246) to an 18-month health education or HIV prevention program. A randomized block design was used to assign girls to one of the two programs. Girls in the HIV prevention program had improved risk reduction and condom use skills. At 9 months of follow-up, girls in both groups reported less sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs and less unprotected sex.
A 1998 national U.S. survey of 15-19 year olds found that 73% had received education about AIDS, 79% about birth control and 58% about resisting sexual activity. Multivariate analysis shows that AIDS and sex education moderately but significantly decreased number of sexual partners and frequency of intercourse in the year prior to the survey. This type of education was also associated with more consistent condom use. Education on some topics was associated with increased knowledge and improved attitudes about AIDS, but these did not always correlate with safer sexual behavior.
Logistical regression analyses were run on data from a 1994 Cote d'Ivoire Demographic and Health Survey to identify whether the accuracy of respondents' knowledge on AIDS could predict condom use at last sexual intercourse. Results indicate that accuracy of knowledge did not predict condom use among men or women in this sample. Results indicate that the odds of condom use were significantly lower among men 35 years of age or older, and women 25 years of age or older, than those 15-19 years of age. …
This report looks at data from a multistage probability sample of 1,093 Croatian youth aged 18-24 years in 2005. Regression was used to investigate relationships between HIV-related knowledge, attitudes and sexual behavior and condom use at first and last sexual encounter and consistent use of condoms. Results found that positive attitudes towards condoms and condom use at first intercourse were predictors for condom use at most recent intercourse and overall consistent use of condoms (OR: 1.3). Sex education programs should be given to youth before they become sexually active.
In Macedonia there is a need for introducing sexuality education in schools. This finding is a result of a research determining the needs of the parents, teachers and students, and reviewing the current school curricula. Both parents and teachers agree on the introduction of sexuality education as a regular subject in schools. Such subject, among others, must develop the practical skills for protection from risks related to sexual activity. …
Increasingly, HIV prevention efforts must focus on altering features of the social and physical environment to reduce risks associated with HIV acquisition and transmission. Community coalitions provide a vehicle for bringing about sustainable structural changes. This article shares lessons and key strategies regarding how three community coalitions located in Miami and Tampa, Florida, and San Juan, Puerto Rico engaged their respective communities in bringing about structural changes affecting policies, practices and programs related to HIV prevention for 12-24-year-olds. …
Presentation of a series of nine papers from the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB), a nationally representative study of the sexual and sexual healthrelated behaviors of 5,865 adolescents and adults in the U.S. Our team, based at the Center for Sexual Health Promotion at Indiana University, and representing the disciplines of public health, psychology, medicine, and gender studies, sought to conduct a study that would provide a contemporary snapshot of sexual behaviors, condom and contraceptive use, and sexual health of the U.S. population. …
Aims: This article reports on the development and psychometric properties of an instrument to evaluate school-based HIV/ AIDS interventions aimed at adolescents in three African sites. Methods: The instrument was developed in a series of steps that involved a review of existing instruments; use of empirical data and secondary literature supporting an association between the variables of interest and sexual intercourse or condom use; operationalizing the constructs of the theoretical model employed; and using the objectives of the intervention. …
Effective sexuality and HIV/AIDS education programmes are needed to protect young people against HIV/AIDS and teenage pregnancy in Tanzania and other Sub-Saharan African countries. Using a theory- and evidence-based approach and adapting the programmes to local contexts, increases the effectiveness of these programmes. This paper describes and discusses the challenges and opportunities concerning the application of Intervention Mapping (IM) in the development and implementation of a sexuality and HIV/AIDS education programme targeting young people aged 12-14 in Tanzania. …
Aims: To test the applicability of an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour for the study of condom use intentions among large samples of young people in South Africa and Tanzania. Methods: Baseline data of a randomized controlled trial of school-based HIV/AIDS prevention programmes were used. The setting comprised secondary schools in the regions of Cape Town, Polokwane and Dar es Salaam. Participants were 15,782 secondary school students. …
This paper aims to identify with whom in-school adolescents preferred to communicate about sexuality, and to study adolescents' communication on HIV/AIDS, abstinence and condoms with parents/guardians, other adult family members, and teachers. Data were obtained from a baseline questionnaire survey carried out in South Africa (Cape Town and Mankweng) and Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) in early 2004. We analysed data for 14,944 adolescents from 80 randomly selected schools. The mean ages were as follows: CapeTown, 13.38 years (standard deviation (SD). …
