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In Zimbabwe HIV is mostly transmitted through sexual contact. It is estimated that around 4 in 5 HIV infections in Zimbabwe are due to sexual transmission. HIV is now also found in all groups of people in the population, implying that all sexually active people are at risk of contracting HIV. Hence, promoting safe sexual behaviours has to be at the heart of HIV prevention in all communities of Zimbabwe. This strategy offers guidance on what actions can be taken to promote and sustain safe sexual behaviours.
The high prevalence of HIV infection among prisoners and pre-trial detainees, combined with overcrowding and sub-standard living conditions sometimes amounting to inhuman or degrading treatment in violation of international law, make prisons and other detention centres a high risk environment for the transmission of HIV. Ultimately, this contributes to HIV epidemics in the communities to which prisoners return upon their release. …
Swaziland Country Report for the 2011-2012 Education Sector HIV and AIDS Global Progress Survey.
Kenya Country Report for the 2011-2012 Education Sector HIV and AIDS Global Progress Survey.
This paper critically examines the evidence from recent experimental design evaluations on the impact of HIV/AIDS prevention through youth education programs in sub-Saharan Africa. It pre-specifies the study inclusion criteria, the search strategy and the methods for summarizing findings. This paper also identifies recurring flaws in the research and suggests several methods for avoiding these shortcomings in future studies. Our initial search produced 139 potential articles for review, but only six met the pre-stated study inclusion criteria. …
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region with the world’s highest rates of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs), yet numerous studies show that condom use is generally rare. This suggests a need for a better understanding of how condoms fit within sexual practices and relationships in SSA. This paper seeks to address this need by reviewing research published between the late 1980s and 2011 on use and factors influencing use of male condoms in SSA. …
Evidence-based health promotion programmes, including HIV/AIDS prevention and sexuality education programmes, are often transferred to other cultures, priority groups and implementation settings. Challenges in this process include the identification of retaining core elements that relate to the programme’s effectiveness while making changes that enhances acceptance in the new context and for the new priority group. This paper describes the use of a systematic approach to programme adaptation using a case study as an example. …
There is growing recognition that primary prevention, including behavior change, must be central in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The earlier successes in Thailand and Uganda may not be fully relevant to the severely affected countries of southern Africa. We conducted an extensive multi-disciplinary synthesis of the available data on the causes of the remarkable HIV decline that has occurred in Zimbabwe (29% estimated adult prevalence in 1997 to 16% in 2007), in the context of severe social, political, and economic disruption. …
The ability of specific behaviour-change interventions to reduce HIV infection in young people remains questionable. Since January 1999, an adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) intervention has been implemented in ten randomly chosen intervention communities in rural Tanzania, within a community randomised trial (see below; NCT00248469). The intervention consisted of teacher-led, peer-assisted in-school education, youth-friendly health services, community activities, and youth condom promotion and distribution. …
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HIV infection, HIV risk factors, and exposure to national HIV prevention programs, and to identify factors associated with HIV infection among South African youth, aged 15–24 years. Design: A cross-sectional, nationally representative, household survey. Methods: From March to August 2003 we conducted a national survey of HIV prevalence and sexual behavior among 11 904 15–24 year olds. Multivariable models for HIV infection were restricted to sexually experienced youth. …
Uganda’s HIV success story has become increasingly focused around the idea of ‘ABC’ (Abstain, Be faithful or use Condoms). During the George W. Bush administration, the US Government has promoted one specific ABC model for its development agencies, with a particular emphasis on abstinence. Yet other actors have contested this view. To understand Uganda’s success, it is imperative to look at what ABC was in Uganda when critical changes in behaviour were occurring. …
The HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Youth project, funded by the Asian Development Bank and the Government of Vietnam, relies on the synergistic use of mass media and interpersonal communication interventions to reach and influence young Vietnamese. The project’s mass media strategy is built around the coordinated and reinforcing use of a television drama series, radio phone–in programmes, radio spots, youth–focused documentaries and television spots. …
The National Strategic Framework (NSF) for HIV and AIDS 2010/11 -2015/16 succeeds the MTP-III that came to an end in March 2010. The framework provides strategic policy, planning and implementation guidance and leadership for the national HIV and AIDS multi-sectoral response. The national response is premised on the understanding that HIV and AIDS remains the greatest socioeconomic development challenge in Namibia. The NSF marks a paradigm shift for the national response from doing “business as usual” to evidence and results based multi-sectoral and decentralised planning. …
This document reports key findings of a study on HIV prevention information needs in Lesotho. Data was collected in late 2009 using qualitative research methods. Eleven key informant interviews were conducted with policy makers, opinion leaders, program managers, and development partners, all working on HIV and AIDS activities at the national level. Each was based in Maseru, though some of their work covered both rural and urban areas. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted with a total of 17 participants. …
Access to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in Sub-Saharan Africa has rapidly expanded - from fewer than 10,000 people treated in 2000 to more than 8 million in 2011. To measure the impact of this expansion, it is necessary to identify the behavioral response of individuals to drug access. This paper combines geocoded information about the timing of introduction of ARVs in all Kenyan health facilities with two waves of geocoded population surveys to estimate the impact of proximity to an ARV provider on risky sexual behavior. …
