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Substantial changes are needed to achieve a more targeted and strategic approach to investment in the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic that will yield long-term dividends. Until now, advocacy for resources has been done on the basis of a commodity approach that encouraged scaling up of numerous strategies in parallel, irrespective of their relative effects. We propose a strategic investment framework that is intended to support better management of national and international HIV/AIDS responses than exists with the present system. …
This paper reviews and discusses studies and interventions which have addressed the problems and concerns of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in India. Most of the research and commentary on OVC is based on investigations conducted in African countries. Accordingly, this review focuses on OVC in India in order to facilitate further critical discussion and the development of appropriate programmes and policies for the Indian context. …
Globally, girls and young women are more likely to be HIV positive than their male peers, due in large part to an array of gender inequalities that negatively impact their mental and physical well being. Protecting girls from this multi-dimensional risk requires first understanding how the girls experience vulnerability in their daily lives and developing solutions that are actionable within the community context. …
This paper describes an intervention designed to provide HIV education at three levels: to students in a registered nurse baccalaureate-nursing program, lay health advisors, and African Americans in high risk communities. Students conducted needs assessments and prepared teaching plans, contributed to funding proposals and implemented and evaluated their programs. Lay health workers were trained as peer educators and were drawn from the high risk community, to increase their credibility. Of the 168 community participants, 151 completed both pre and post-test HIV knowledge exams. …
In response to the critical need of affected children and families, the compelling evidence for their benefits, and the receptive environment on the part of governments and donors, several local and international organizations are piloting cash transfers programmes as a mechanism to mitigate the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) on affected communities in sub- Saharan Africa. Few programmes, however, are conceptualized or implemented within a broader framework of social protection, socioeconomic development or human rights. …
Initiatives from the local community have been a major part of what has been provided towards the needs of vulnerable children. …
Community-based organizations (CBOs) are an important model for the care of orphans and other vulnerable children whose life and development are threatened by human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and poverty. However, data are lacking on the challenges and solutions enabling successful expansion of these programs to the national level. This article presents some of the experiences encountered by Malawi in the expansion of their network of CBOs. …
The catalytic potential of community-based organizations to promote health, prevent disease, and address racial, ethnic, and socio-economic disparities in local communities is well recognized. However, many CBOs, particularly, small- to medium-size organizations, lack the capacity to plan, implement, and evaluate their successes. Moreover, little assistance has been provided to enhance their capacity and the effectiveness of technical assistance to enhance capacity is likewise limited. …
Despite significant policy commitments to external resources reaching vulnerable children through communities, little information is available on what happens to these resources particularly as they enter, and flow through, the community. This study explored the related experiences, concerns and suggestions of two critical groups of stakeholders, whose voices are rarely heard: leaders of community initiatives and caregivers. …
Vulnerable children in Africa have traditionally been absorbed and supported by their communities. However, in the context of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and poverty, communities are increasingly stretched, compromising the quality of care available to children affected by AIDS. This calls for an understanding of the processes that best facilitate the capacity of communities to provide good quality care and support. In the interests of furthering debate and practice in this area, we seek to develop an analytical framework that builds upon two inter-linked strands. …
This case study describes the work of a program implemented by Youth Alive Tanzania, a faith-based organization in Dar-es-Salaam, which created The Youth and Parents Crisis Counseling Center (YOPAC) in 1999. YOPAC was established by Youth Alive with the specific aim of helping children and youth protect their access to education, including primary and secondary education, as well as vocational training. YOPAC's other activities include home-based care, HIV testing and counseling, psychosocial care and support, education, and outreach programming. …
In March 2005, Project Concern International began implementing the BELONG Project (Better Education and Life Opportunities for Vulnerable Children through Networking and Organizational Growth) in response to the growing number of OVC who lacked access to health and other support services essential to minimizing their vulnerability and addressing their developmental needs. The project was funded by PEPFAR through USAID and was planned with a life cycle of 5 years, ending on September 30, 2010. …
From 2002-2005 Africare implemented the Community Based Care, Protection and Empowerment (COPE) for Children Affected by AIDS (CABA) project in Mutasa District of Zimbabwe. The goal of the project was to encourage shared responsibility for orphans and vulnerable children by increasing community capacity to respond to the needs of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). …
The overall goal of the training program is to increase teachers' knowledge and shift attitudes and behaviors so that they may prevent school-related gender-based violence (SR GBV) and respond to students who have experienced SR GBV. …
This guide is intended for managers and field staff of development projects supported by Misereor. It also addresses other development agencies and a wider public interested in HIV/AIDS mainstreaming. The guide provides comprehensive information on HIV/AIDS mainstreaming and shows how to translate the mainstreaming approach into practice. Many of the examples and explanations refer to Africa; nevertheless the guide is designed to be used also in Asian and Latin American countries. The guide is structured as follows: Chapter 1: Responding to HIV and AIDS. …
