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The countries in the Western Pacific Region have made good progress in reducing the transmission of HIV and providing services to people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, challenges remain and there are important gaps to be filled. This report documents the achievements and challenges of the health sector’s response to the HIV epidemic in the Region over the past decade. It identifies best practices and important opportunities to further reduce the number of new infections, and prolong and improve the quality of life of people living with HIV in the Western Pacific Region. …
Young girls in sub Saharan Africa are reported to have higher rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to boys in the same age group. Knowledge of HIV status amongst high schools learners provides an important gateway to prevention and treatment services. This study aimed at determining the HIV prevalence and explored the feasibility of HIV testing among high school learners. Between September 2010 and February 2011, a linked, anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted in two public sector high schools in the rural KwaZulu-Natal midlands. …
Kenya is currently experiencing both a generalized and a concentrated HIV epidemic. It has a national HIV prevalence of 6.3 per cent and 1.3 million people between the ages of 15 to 64 across the country are living with HIV. According to the Kenya National AIDS Control Council (NACC), female sex workers (FSW) and their clients account for 14.1% of new infections. The Kenyan national response has recently started targeting research and programming efforts towards key population groups, and specifically FSW. However, migrants have not been targeted as a distinct category. …
Background: Previous research has suggested that orphaned children and adolescents might have elevated risk for HIV infection. We examined the state of evidence regarding the association between orphan status and HIV risk in studies of youth aged 24 years and younger. Methods: Using systematic review methodology, we identified 10 studies reporting data from 12 countries comparing orphaned and non-orphaned youth on HIV-related risk indicators, including HIV serostatus, other sexually transmitted infections, pregnancy and sexual behaviours. …
HIV prevalence in Tanzania was initially higher among those with higher levels of educational attainment, but it has fallen fastest among these groups. Among those with lower levels of education, HIV prevalence has been stable. The authors analyzed data from two large, nationally representative surveys conducted in Tanzania in 2003/2004 and 2007/2008. They focused on young people ages 15 to 24 years and explored reports of (a) first sex, (b) having had more than one sexual partner in the last year and (c) unprotected last sex with a non-cohabiting partner. …
Young male university students who have sex with men are at high risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The authors conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence of risky sexual behaviors, HIV, and syphilis among male university students who have sex with men in Beijing, China; and to identify risk factors for unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). Among 157 study participants, HIV and syphilis prevalence were 2.5% and 7.0%, respectively. The authors found a high prevalence of UAI in the study population. …
The article examines the factors associated with HIV status among adolescents aged 15–19 years in 13 African countries. The data were derived from demographic and health surveys or AIDS indicator surveys conducted between 2004 and 2009. The levels of HIV prevalence among adolescents varied considerably across the countries. There was significantly higher HIV prevalence among female adolescents as compared with their male counterparts. For male adolescents, circumcision was the only variable significantly associated with HIV status. …
This APCOM policy brief presents evidence on the vulnerability of young MSM, particularly with regard to HIV & AIDS. It highlights the gaps in strategic information in the region, particularly for young transgender people. It encourages countries to strengthen health promotion programmes for high-risk youth, while ensuring appropriate services for those who are HIV-positive. The brief calls on countries to engage young MSM and transgender people in national AIDS response, and to review and challenge laws criminalising sex between men.
Le processus d’élaboration du rapport d’activités sur la riposte au sida au Tchad de 2012, coordonné par le CNLS, a impliqué toutes les parties prenantes dans la réponse nationale au sida que sont le secteur public, les organisations de la société civile, le secteur privé, les partenaires techniques et financiers au développement et les ONG. …
A decline in HIV incidence has been reported in Zambia and a number of other sub-Saharan countries. The trend of HIV prevalence among young people is a good marker of HIV incidence. In this study, different data sources are used to examine geographical and sub-population group differentials in HIV prevalence trends among men and women aged 15–24 years in Zambia.
With an overall adult HIV prevalence of 15.3%, Namibia is facing one of the largest HIV epidemics in Africa. Young people aged 20 to 34 years constitute one of the groups at highest risk of HIV infection in Namibia. However, little is known about the impact of HIV on this group and its access to healthcare. The purpose of this study was to estimate HIV prevalence, to assess the knowledge of and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS, and to assess access to healthcare among university students in Namibia.
In an effort to reduce unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease (STD) in adolescents, both abstinence and comprehensive sex and STD/HIV education programs have been proffered. Based on specified criteria, the author searched for and reviewed 56 studies that assessed the impact of such curricula (8 that evaluated 9 abstinence programs and 48 that evaluated comprehensive programs) on adolescents’ sexual behavior. Study results indicated that most abstinence programs did not delay initiation of sex and only 3 of 9 had any significant positive effects on any sexual behavior. …
The Centre for the Study of AIDS (CSA), University of Pretoria, in collaboration with the Health and Wellness Centre and the University of Botswana, hosted the fifth Imagined Futures conference on 28 and 29 September 2010 at Willowpark Conference Centre in Gauteng, South Africa.This year’s theme was 20/20 Vision: looking to the next decade through the last. The conference looked back on a decade of HIV/AIDS programmes implemented at various universities in southern Africa, in the hopes of identifying challenges and priorities for the next decade. …
Using data for a large cross-country sample, a reasonable model is estimated to judge the effect of adult educational attainment on prevalence of HIV. Three main points are noted. First, there is an indication of a significantly negative effect of educational attainment on HIV prevalence. Second, magnitude of the impact appears sizable. Third, a simple test suggests that the model does not have any major specification problem. Three additional aspects may also be interesting. First, the impact of per capita income is negative but statistically weak. …
This year’s AIDS Review examines the uptake of antiretrovirals (ARVs) in two different South African rural locations, namely Bushbuckridge and Venda. As social anthropologists who have done intensive fieldwork in these respective areas since the onset of the HIV and AIDS epidemic, our aim is to examine how people who live with HIV use, or refrain from using, ARVs in everyday village contexts. …
