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In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the HIV epidemic has been on the rise since 2001. Although the overall HIV prevalence in the region is still low, the rise in new infections has put MENA among the top two regions in the world with the fastest growing HIV epidemic. The rise in the estimated number of people living with HIV in the region presumably is the result of an increased HIV prevalence among key populations at higher risk and a forward transmission of the virus to a larger number of individuals who are generally at lower risk of infection.
This study looked at linkages between neighborhood educational attainment and HIV prevalence among young women in urban and rural areas of Zambia. Using cross-sectional survey data from 2003, 1295 women were identified from 10 urban and 10 rural clusters. A neighbourhood-level educational attainment measure was constructed by aggregating individual-level years in school. Adjustment was made for certain variables (education, currently a student, marital status, ever given birth, sexual activity, lifetime sexual partners). …
Aims: To identify with whom in-school adolescents preferred to communicate about sexuality, and to study adolescents' communication on HIV/AIDS, abstinence and condoms with parents/guardians, other adult family members, and teachers. Data were obtained from a baseline questionnaire survey carried out in South Africa (Cape Town and Mankweng) and Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) in early 2004. We analysed data for 14,944 adolescents from 80 randomly selected schools. …
This study report is an attempt to identify the fact and factors behind our cultural and social dispositions that influence HIV infections with an objective to think out of the box and dig into issues which contribute to the epidemic in our daily urban and rural lifestyles. The study revealed with strong evidence that the people of Bangladesh value their traditional practices but increasingly yield to significant pressure of mixed western culture and many of these traditions and practices have a bearing on sexual relations, and therefore HIV transmission.
This document provides key indicators on HIV and AIDS in Nigeria.
This case study on the University of Zambia aimed at answering the following questions: In what ways has the University of Zambia been affected by HIV/AIDS? How has the university responded to these impacts? What steps is the university taking to control and limit the further spread of HIV/AIDS in its community? What HIV/AIDS-related teaching, research, publication, and advisory services has the university undertaken? How does the university propose to anticipate and address the larger impact of HIV/AIDS on the national labour market for university graduates? …
This article describes an evaluation of a school-based peer education intervention for HIV prevention among students in 27 high schools in Aden, Yemen. The intervention was developed after a survey among the same population in 2005, which revealed a high level of stigma toward people living with HIV (PLWH) and a low level of HIV knowledge. In a quasi-experimental design, students who received the peer education intervention (78.6%) were compared with students who did not receive the intervention (21.4%). No systematic procedure was applied in selecting students for the intervention condition. …
This report reviews the progress made in 2009 in scaling up access to selected health sector interventions for HIV prevention, treatment and care in low- and middle income countries. It is the fourth in a series of annual progress reports published since 2006 by the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/ AIDS (UNAIDS) in collaboration with international and national partners to monitor key components of the health sector response to the HIV epidemic worldwide.
This newly released report, published by UNICEF with UNAIDS, UNESCO, UNFPA, ILO, WHO and the World Bank, describes the state of the epidemic in young people, the evidence for effective responses that address behavioural, social and structural challenges and prevent new HIV infections in young people. Country-specific data is shared.
This booklet was the result of collaboration among staff of the National AIDS Control Committee, Central Technical Group (CNLS/GTC); the USAID Health Policy Initiative, Task Order 1; and the Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS). This booklet was prepared with estimates and projections generated by CNLS/GTC staff, using the AIDS Impact Model.
A clear understanding of geographic distribution of HIV-infected people and maintaining up-to-date lists and locations of facilities providing HIV-related services are essential for monitoring the epidemic and for providing treatment, care, and support services to the infected and their families. In this study, we model and map human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in Kenya in relation to its spatial and behavioral determinants, using data from the 2003 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). …
Ce document décrit le programme Sport Pour la Vie (SVP) qui, en utilisant la popularité du football en Côte d'Ivoire, incite les jeunes et les jeunes adultes à participer aux activités de prévention et de soins du VIH/SIDA.
This document describes post-natal family planning practices among HIV-positive childbearing women in Ukraine.
After examining the history of HIV/AIDS in Russia and India, the article examines the present prevalence of, and future projections for, HIV/AIDS in both countries. It also discusses the economic, political, and social consequences of the pandemic in either region, while evaluating the effectiveness of the Indian and Russian governmental attempts to stem the health crisis. The article concludes with certain policy recommendations for the target countries' respective governments.
This documents talks about Four factors which have driven China's response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic: (1) existing government structures and networks of relationships; (2) increasing scientific information; (3) external influences that underscored the potential consequences of an HIV/AIDS pandemic and thus accelerated strategic planning; and (4) increasing political commitment at the highest levels. China's response culminated in legislation to control HIV/AIDS - the AIDS Prevention and Control Regulations. Three major initiatives are being scaled up concurrently. …
