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Adolescence is a time when gender disparities between boys and girls become more pronounced. While many boys stay focused on school, girls often have more responsibilities at home. These responsibilities limit girls’ opportunities for maintaining social networks, and social isolation can contribute to increasing the risk of dropping out of school, marrying early, and being in situations that leave them vulnerable to pregnancy and HIV infection. At their most recent annual meeting, the Interagency Youth Working Group focused on protecting and empowering adolescent girls. …
Fulaas is one of our community based distributors. He’s also a volunteer. This film follows him as he dispenses family planning advice and contraceptives to villagers in Oromo, Ethiopia. Without Fulaas, and others like him, there would be very little access to contraception in rural Ethiopia. Development depends on getting the right supplies - contraceptives, condoms, medicines, and equipment – to the people who need them most. And that depends on our volunteers. They are part of the largest voluntary organization in sexual and reproductive health and rights. …
Young people are exposed to alcohol at many levels in society, particularly through advertising and peer pressure. As a result, harmful drinking habits are on the rise among adolescents and other youth. This brief describes the consequences of alcohol use on young people’s sexual and reproductive health. It also addresses policies and programs aimed at reducing alcohol use and its negative consequences among young people as well as programmatic responses to alcohol use and abuse.
Between a quarter and a third of young women in sub-Saharan Africa are infected with HIV by the time they reach their early 20s. Structural factors such as poor education, poverty, and gender and power inequalities are important determinants of young women’s vulnerability to HIV infection. In The Lancet, Sarah Baird and colleagues report the results of a randomised controlled trial done with adolescent girls in rural Malawi, examining the effects of a cash transfer programme on risk of HIV infection. …
The relationship between poverty and mental health functioning is well documented. Poverty affects not only families’ ability to physically care for children, but also families’ stability, functioning, and psychosocial well-being. In this article, we examine the impact of a comprehensive microfinance intervention, intended to reduce the risk of poverty, on depression among adolescent youth who have lost either one or both parents to AIDS.A child who has been affected by AIDS is more likely to have increased levels of anxiety, depression, and reduced self-esteem. …
HIV infection is much higher among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa than among boys. In settings such as Nyanza Province, Kenya, rates of HIV infection are extremely high, and evidence is increasing in some settings that girls who are married are much more likely to be infected with HIV, compared with their unmarried sexually active counterparts. This brief describes a program addressing the problem of sexual violence and the risk of HIV transmission within marriage in Kenya's Nyanza Province. …
Remaides est une revue trimestrielle destinée aux personnes vivant avec le VIH et leurs proches. Elle apporte une information claire et précise sur les traitements au VIH et les hépatites comme sur toutes les difficultés auxquelles chacun peut se retrouver confronté dans sa vie quotidienne. A travers les témoignages de ses lecteurs, Remaides est attaché à rendre visible la réalité intime de l'épidémie et à enrichir chacun de l'expérience des autres. Ce numéro propose un dossier spécialement consacré aux IST, aux traitements et aux différentes techniques de dépistage.
This impact assessment study aims to examine coverage of harm reduction interventions in Vietnam among injecting drug users and female sex workers from 2004-2009 and to understand the HIV transmission dynamics in Vietnam and to estimate the extent to which harm reduction interventions among core groups have contributed towards epidemiological trends and reduced HIV transmission in Vietnam during the 2004-2009 strategy.
Young people are at the heart of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Not only are they disproportionately represented in terms of new infections, but they are also key to overcoming the disease. Effective HIV prevention efforts that focus on youth are crucial to reversing the pandemic. The World Bank is one of the largest official financiers of HIV/AIDS programs in the world, with over $2.7 billion committed for HIV/AIDS prevention, care, support and treatment since 1988. …
The number of young people with perinatally acquired HIV is growing significantly. With antiretroviral drugs, children who get infected at birth with HIV have an opportunity to graduate into adolescence and adulthood. This achievement notwithstanding, new challenges have emerged in their care and support needs, the most dynamic being their sexual and reproductive health needs and rights (SRHR). …
Unsafe injection practices can lead to HIV and HCV transmission as well as other bacterial and viral infections. Vancouver established North America's first supervised injection facility (SIF) to address such harms among injecting drug users (IDU). This study looks at their experiences receiving safer injecting education within the SIF. Through semi-structured, qualitative interviews, the experiences of 50 IDU were collected. Their testimonies indicate that gaps in knowledge exist among local IDU, often leading to unsafe injecting. …
Peer education has long been used to promote HIV awareness and reduce risk. However, little has been written about its use in refugee settings. This study aimed to assess whether refugee peer education could improve HIV knowledge, attitudes and practices among Guinean refugees. The study also assessed whether gender, age or formal education were more strongly associated to improved HIV outcomes than peer education. Data was collected through a cross-sectional survey of 889 men and women in 23 camps throughout the Forest Region, Guinea. …
This qualitative study aimed to understand how knowledge of HIV and risk perceptiosn influence safer sex practices among female sex workers in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Focus group discussions and semistructured interviews were used to gather data on female sex workers (FSW) (n=174) from 19 sites. FSWs also completed a structured, demographic questionnaire. Although some FSWs had misconceptions, the majority knew about HIV risk, transmission and prevention methods. …
This study aimed to identify risk factors for HIV infection among women aged 15-24 years who reported having one lifetime sexual partner in South Africa. A 2003 household survey of 11,904 15-24 year old women on sexual behavior and HIV testing was used. The analysis focuses on a sample of 1,708 women reporting one lifetime partner. Results show that 15% of the women reporting one lifetime partner were HIV positive. In multivariable analysis, completion of high school was associated withábeing HIV-negative (AOR 3.75; 95% CI 1.34-10.46). …
This study looked at linkages between neighborhood educational attainment and HIV prevalence among young women in urban and rural areas of Zambia. Using cross-sectional survey data from 2003, 1295 women were identified from 10 urban and 10 rural clusters. A neighbourhood-level educational attainment measure was constructed by aggregating individual-level years in school. Adjustment was made for certain variables (education, currently a student, marital status, ever given birth, sexual activity, lifetime sexual partners). …
